Senyawa hidrokarbon yang bersifat toksik (beracun) di dalam tumpahan
minyak merupakan ancaman yang serius bagi biota-biota yang hidup di
sekitar lokasi kecelakaan kapal. Kerugian yang ditimbulkan oleh tumpahan
minyak ini berakibat jangka panjang yang secara ekologis merupakan bahaya
yang mengkhawatirkan.
Kecelakaan kapal tanker Nagasaki Spirit dengan Ocean Blessing
mengakibatkan tumpahan minyak di laut. Oleh karena itu negara yang terkena
tumpahan minyak dapat meminta ganti rugi kepada pemilik kapal atau asuransi yang menanggung kapal tersebut. Dalam hal ini dipergunakan Intemational
Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage 1969 dan International
Convention on the Establishment of an Intemational Fund for Compensation of
Oil Pollution Damage 1971.
Tujuan dari studi ini adalah mekanisme ganti rugi yang dilakukan oleh
Pemerintah Indonesia pada pemilik kapal tanker Nagasaki Spirit di Selat
Malaka yang mengalami kecelakaan dan mencemari perairan Indonesia
ditinjau dari konvensi internasional.
Berdasarkan uraian tersebut di atas, maka dalam studi ini dapat disusun
hipotesis yaitu pembayaran ganti rugi atas dasar prinsip tanggung jawab mutlak
(strict liability) pada kasus kecelakaan kapal tanker Nagasaki Spirit di Selat
Malaka belum memadai dari segi pemulihan dampak lingkungannya.
Penelitian ini merupakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan metode
penelitian deskriptif analitis. Data dikumpulkan berdasarkan studi kepustakaan
yang dilengkapi dengan wawancara dengan pejabat-pejabat yang berwenang di
lingkungan Departemen Perhubungan Direktorat Jenderal Perhubungan Laut,
Badan Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan, Kejaksaan Agung, PT. Polynesia
Bhakti, Badan Pusat Statistik, Kesatuan Penjaga Pantai dan Laut, serta
Lembaga Minyak dan Gas Nasional.
AbstractThe hydrocarbons is a toxicant matter in the oil spill that become a serious
danger for the sea biota at the location ofthe ship accident. The loss that
come around because of the oil spill could be for long tenn eH`ect for that
ecologically it became a serious danger.
The accident of the Nagasaki Spirit tanker with the Ocean Blessing cargo
tanker caused an oil spill in the sea become a lossing for the sea itself as an affected sea. Because of that, the State which affected by the oil spill could
request to the owner of the ship a compensation. In this case, The
Intemational Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage 1969
and The Intemational Convention on the Establishment of an Intemational
Fund for Compensation of Oil Pollution Damage 1971 used for.
The purpose of this study is to see the mechanism of the compensation which
have done by the Indonesian Government to the owner of the Nagasaki Spirit
tanker at the Maacca Strait which have accidented and polluted the
Indonesian water viewed by The Intemational Convention.
According to the purpose above, In this study can arrange the hypothetis is
the compensation is based on the strict liability consept on the Nagasaki Spiiit
case at Malacca Strait it is not enough for the recovery of the marine
environment.
This research uses a normative yuridis with the analitical descriptive. The
source gathered based on the library study which enriched the interview with
the competent instancy such as Ministry of Communication the Directorate
General of Sea Communication, the Environment Impact Management
Agency, the State Attorney of Indonesia, the Polynesia Bhakti Ltd, the
Agency of the State Statistical, the Guard of The Beach and the Sea and also
the Agency of the National Oil and Gas.