Untuk pertama kalinya Pemilihan Umum (Bab VIIB Pasal 22E) dimasukkan dalam amandemen UUD '45. Selanjutnya Pemilu diatur oleh Undang-Undang nomor 12/2003 yang diantaranya memuat tentang Sistem Pemilu Proporsional Dengan Daftar Calon Terbuka. Sistem Pemilu itu merupakan suatu terobosan politik yang baru di Era Reformasi sehingga menarik untuk diteliti.Dari latar belakang tersebut timbul pertanyaan penelitian yaitu: 1. Apakah Sistem Pemilu Proporsional dengan Daftar Calon Terbuka cukup efektif untuk menjaring calon legislator pilihan rakyat atau malahan menciptakan konflik dan fragmentasi di dalam partai?; 2. Apakah Undang-Undang Pemilu menguntungkan Partai Politik Besar dan merugikan Partai Politik Kecil?; 3. Apakah Undang-Undang Pemilu dapat menciptakan sistem multi-partai sederhana seperti yang diamanatkan oleh Undang Undang Partai Politik nomor 31 tahun 2002 ?Untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian penulis memakai pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif-analitis. Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam terhadap 7 orang informan kunci dan penelusuran transkrip rekaman persidangan selama pembahasan Rancangan Undang-Undang Pemilu sampai disahkan menjadi Undang-Undang No.1212003, didukung data sekunder hasil pemilu 2004, serta studi pustaka.Teori yang untuk menganalisa penelitian ini memakai: Teori Transisi demokrasi O'Donnel, Teori Sistem Pemilu Reynolds, dan Teori Demokrasi Inklusif Young.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem pemilu gagal menjaring calon legislator pilihan rakyat, bahkan sebagian menimbulkan masalah dikalangan legislator terpilih. Undang-Undang Pemilu No. 1212003 memberikan keuntungan bagi Partai Besar berupa over-representation, dan merugikan Partai Kecil dengan under-representation. Undang-Undang Pemilu belum dapat menciptakan sistem multi-partai sederhana, tetapi dampaknya mengurangi jumlah peserta Pemilu 2004.Implikasi teoritisnya adalah teori transisi demokrasi O'Donnel berlaku dalam penelitian ini khususnya bagi Partai Besar PDIP dan Golkar (partai lama), yang mana. Partai Besar cenderung mempertahankan kekuasaannya terhadap pemilih maupun terhadap Partai Kecil dalam pembuatan Undang-Undang Pemilu No. 12/2003.

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For the first time, election (section VIIB article 22e) is included in the amendment of UUD 1945. Furthermore, election is arranged by the Law number 23 years 2003 which inserts the open list proportional system. This system is a new political breakthrough in the reformation era so that interesting to be explored.

From that background, some research questions rise. They are 1) is the system of open List proportional effective to select legislative candidates who are chosen by the voters or does it emerge political conflict and fragmentation among the parties; 2) does it give any advantages for major parties and oppositely disadvantages minor political parties; 3) is the law can develop simple multiparty system as mentioned in the Law number 31 year 2002 on Political Party.

To answer those question, this research applies qualitative approach and the category of the research is descriptive analytic. Primary data collection is examined by using in-depth interview with seven key informants and tracking transcript of codification sessions of the law. is also supported by secondary data such as the result of election in 2004 and literature study.

Theories applied in the research to analyze the issues are theory of transition to democracy from O'Donnel, theory of election from Reynolds, and theory of inclusive democracy from Young.

The result shows that the system of election applied in the law fail to select legislative candidates chosen by the voters, and even raises problems for elected candidates. The law gives advantages for major parties in term of over-representation and disadvantages minor parties in term of under-representation. The Law of Election has not developed simple multiparty system, even though the implication is degradation the number of political parties which involve in the election.

The theoretical implication of the research is that theory of transition to democracy from O'Donnel is relevant with the result of the research, especially for major parties such as Indonesian Democratic Party-Struggle and Golkar, which tend to maintain their power to their voters and minor parties in the codification of the law.