The author does figures and analyze about criminal conduct and the punishment pattern in Aceh region during 16th and 17th centuries that be done by historical approach. The substance is explores regarding punishment was applied by Aceh Sultans that be developed by ultimate sources from both local and foreign visitor testimony who come from Europe and Asia to Aceh regions. By those sources then the author is confidence to doing clear description regarding punishment system was applied during those centuries is adat law or Islamic law ones by adequate historical facts and not only blind claim.The author proposes thesis that Aceh Kingdom (kesultanan) that claimed as islamic government system but using adat law to govern and regulate their people and was not islamic law as recent common perceptions continuing