Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menganalisis pro-poor growth di Indonesia. Terkait dengan hal tersebut, maka tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa pengaruh pertumbuhan ekonomi terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan dan kemiskinan, serta menganalisa apakah pertumbuhan ekonomi tersebut berpihak pada penduduk miskin (pro-poor growth). Analisa dilakukan melalui data panel 26 propinsi di Indonesia periode 1980-2008. Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan ekonomi signifikan berpengaruh terhadap ketimpangan pada periode 1980-2008 dan 1999-2008. Namun demikian, pengurangan kemiskinan kurang didorong oleh efek ketimpangan pendapatan. Pengurangan kemiskinan akibat perubahan ketimpangan pendapatan yang ditimbulkan pertumbuhan ekonomi hanya terjadi pada periode 1999-2008. Sedangkan pertumbuhan ekonomi pada seluruh periode, signifikan berpengaruh terhadap pengurangan kemiskinan. Meskipun demikian, elastisitas bruto dan neto kemiskinan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi semakin tidak elastis. Sementara itu, hasil perhitungan Pro Poor Growth Index (PPGI) menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan ekonomi yang terjadi di semua periode tergolong pro-poor growth. Sayangnya, nilai elastisitas kemiskinan (baik bruto maupun neto) terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi tergolong rendah. Selain itu, pengaruh pertumbuhan ekonomi terhadap kemiskinan melalui efek ketimpangan pendapatan pun tidak besar. Oleh sebab itu, pemerintah perlu mempertahankan pro-poor growth yang telah dicapai dengan memberikan perhatian pada upaya peningkatkan pengaruh pertumbuhan ekonomi terhadap pengurangan kemiskinan dan mendorong pemerataan distribusi pendapatan sehingga mendorong pengurangan kemiskinan.

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This research aimed to analyze pro-poor growth in Indonesia. Related with it, this research attempts to analyze impact of economic growth on income inequality and poverty. This research also analyze whether the economic growth has respect to poor people (pro-poor growth). Analysis is conducted through panel data of 26 provinces in Indonesia for 1980-2008 periods. The result shows that economic growth is significantly affecting the income inequality for period of 1980-2008 and 1999-2008. Nevertheless, poverty reduction is not driven sufficiently by income inequality effect. The poverty reduction caused by change of the inequality by economic growth only happens in 1999-2008. Economic growth in all period is significantly affecting poverty reduction. Even tough, gross and net elasticity of poverty to economic growth become more inelastic. In the other side, calculation of Pro Poor Growth Index (PPGI) shows that economic growth in all period is included to be pro-poor growth. Unfortunately, poverty elasticity (either gross or net) to economic growth is low. Besides, impact of economic growth on poverty through income inequality effect is not high. Therefore, government needs to maintain achieved pro-poor growth by paying attention on effort to increase economic growth effect on the poverty reduction and support equal income distribution in order to stimulate poverty alleviation.