Tesis ini membahas pemikiran Nurcholish Madjid yang berkaitan dengan gagasan Islam kultural, yaitu sekularisasi, slogan "Islam Yes, Partai Islam No", dan penolakan terhadap negara Islam. Gagasan Islam kultural yang dikembangkan oleh Nurcholish Madjid menekankan bahwa perjuangan kepentingan umat Islam tidak hanya dilakukan melalui jalur politik saja, tetapi dapat dilakukan melalui jalur lainnya, seperti pendidikan, dakwah, seni, dan lain sebagainya. Selain itu, gagasan ini mengutamakan terealisasinya nilai-nilai keislaman, seperti keadilan, persamaan hak, partisipasi, dan musyawarah, dalam masyarakat Indonesia, bukan pembentukan negara Islam secara formal.

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The focus of this study is Nurcholish Madjid?s thought associated with the idea of cultural Islam, namely secularization, the slogan "Islam Yes, Islamic Party of No", and rejection of Islamic state. Cultural Islamic ideas developed by Nurcholish Madjid emphasized that the struggle for the interests of Muslims is not only done through political channels, but can be made through other channels, such as education, preaching, art, and others. Also, this idea gives priority to the realization of Islamic values in the Indonesian people, such as justice, equal rights, participation and deliberation, not the formal establishment of an Islamic state.