Tesis ini menjelaskan mengenai perjanjian keamanan Indonesia - Australia sebagai upaya Indonesia dalam mencegah gerakan separatisme di Indonesia timur. Cakupan pembahasan dalam penelitian ini meliputi faktor apa saja yang melatarbelakangi Indonesia dalam melakukan perjanjian keamanan dengan Australia, terkait dengan upaya Indonesia dalam mencegah gerakan separatisme di Indonesia timur dan keuntungan apa yang diperoleh dari perjanjian keamanan itu. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan memahami latar belakang Indonesia melakukan perjanjian keamanan dengan Australia dalam upayanya mencegah gerakan separatisme di Indonesia timur, serta untuk mengetahui dan memahami keuntungan apa saja yang diperoleh Indonesia dalam melakukan perjanjian keamanan dengan Australia.
Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitis, yaitu untuk menjelaskan hubungan tentang karakteristik geografi yang terbuka dengan eskalasi gerakan separatis, sehingga perjanjian keamanan dijadikan langkah skenario terburuk bagi ancaman gerakan separatis di Indonesia timur. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder maupun data primer, yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode wawancara, studi kepustakaan dan studi dokumen. Sedangkan analisis datanya menggunakan analisis kualitatif interpretatif.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor geografi merupakan poin penting dalam politik negara. Konfigurasi geografi Indonesia yang terdiri atas 17.480 pulau dan luas wilayah yang mencapai 7,9 juta km2, memiliki garis pantai yang panjangnya mencapai sekitar 81.000 km, mengakibatkan wilayah Indonesia menjadi sangat terbuka dan dapat dimasuki dari segala penjuru. Ketahanan wilayah Indonesia sebagai negara kepulauan menjadi semakin kompleks karena luasnya perairan dan menyebarnya wilayah daratan. Karakteristik geografi yang sedemikian rupa sangat rawan akan berbagai ancaman keamanan serta berpotensi terhadap infiltrasi asing.
Pertimbangan kedua dari latar belakang perjanjian keamanan adalah sebagai respon atas perubahan lingkungan strategis di level global, regional dan nasional. Ancaman kejahatan yang muncul dari perubahan lingkungan strategis tersebut adalah penyelundupan senjata, perompakan, terorisme maritim, people smuggling, penyelundupan obat terlarang, yang mana erat kaitannya dengan eskalasi gerakan separatisme dan konflik komunal di Indonesia timur. Dengan adanya perjanjian keamanan ini, kedua negara mempunyai kepentingan nasional yang hendak dicapai. Bagi Indonesia, kepentingan itu adalah kedaulatan dan keamanan, sedangkan bagi Australia kepentingan itu adalah keamanan nontradisional, seperti teroris dan kejahatan transnasional.
Pertimbangan ketiga latar belakang perjanjian keamanan adalah faktor politik, dimana Australia harus menghormati kedaulatan dan integritas wilayah kesatuan NKRI.
Secara umum, perjanjian keamanan Indonesia-Australia ini berisi tentang kerangka kerjasama yang mencakup 21 kerjasama dalam 10 bidang kerjasama, yakni meliputi kerjasama di bidang; pertahanan, penegakan hukum, pemberantasan terorisme, intelijen, kerjasama maritim, keselamatan dan keamanan penerbangan, pencegahan perluasan senjata pemusnah massal, tanggap darurat bencana, kerjasama organisasi multilateral dan membangun kontak dan saling pengertian masyarakat mengenai persoalan-persoalan di bidang keamanan. Sedang implementasi dari kerjasama keamanan tersebut diantaranya adalah pembangunan kapasitas (capacity building), operasi bersama, sharing intelijen dan informasi, joint exercises, yang kesemuanya itu dapat meningkatkan kapabilitas pertahanan dan keamanan Indonesia dalam merespon berbagai ancaman yang muncul, termasuk gerakan separatisme dan konflik komunal (intra-state conflict).
Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa fungsi perjanjian keamanan bagi Indonesia adalah pertama, sebagai peningkatan kontrol wilayah dan geografi Indonesia yang terbuka, kedua, perjanjian keamanan sebagai respon atas ancaman non-tradisional dan ketiga perjanjian keamanan sebagai upaya integrasi wilayah dan integrasi politik. Dari ketiga fungsi tersebut, maka perjanjian keamanan Indonesia ? Australia merupakan upaya Indonesia dalam mencegah proliferasi gerakan separatisme di Indonesia timur.
This thesis presents concerning the security agreement between Indonesia ? Australia as Indonesian efforts, preventing the movement of separatism in east Indonesia. The discussions in this research covered any factor that formed the background of Indonesia in carrying out the security agreement with Australia, in relation to Indonesian efforts in preventing the movements of separatism in Indonesia east. The aim that wanted to be achieved in this research was to know and understand the Indonesian background carried out the security agreement with Australia towards him prevented the movement of separatism in east Indonesia, as well as to know and understand any profit that was obtained by Indonesia in carrying out the security agreement with Australia.
This research was descriptive analytical, that is to explain relations about the characteristics of geography that was open with the escalation of the movement of the separatist, so as the security agreement was made the step in the worst scenario for the movement threat of the separatist in Indonesia east. The data that was used was the secondary data and the primary data, that was received by using the interview method, the study of the bibliography and the study of the document.
The result of this research emphasizes the application of geography in the practice of states politics. Geographical configuration of Indonesia comprising the 17.480 islands and a vast area thar reaches 7,9 million km2, has a long coastline which reaches about 81.000 km, resulted in the Indonesian territory to really was open and could be entered from all directions. Indonesian territory endurance as the archipelagic state became increasingly complex because of the extent of the spread of aquatic and land area.. The characteristics of geography that in such a way was very serious would various security threats as well as potential towards the foreign infiltration.
Second consideration from the background of the security agreement was as the response to the change in the strategic environment in the global, regional and national level. The criminal threat that emerged from the change in this strategic environment was the smuggling of the weapon, piracy, maritime terrorism, people smuggling, the smuggling of medicine was banned, whichever tight his connection with the escalation of the movement of separatism and the communal conflict in Indonesia east. With the existence of this security agreement, the two countries had the national interests that will be achieved. For Indonesia, the interests were the sovereignty and the security, whereas for Australia the interests were the non-traditional security, like the terrorist and the transnational crime.
Third consideration from the background of the security agreement was politically, Australia has to respect sovereignty and geographic integrity of Indonesia.
Generally, this Indonesia-Australia security agreement contained about the framework of the co-operation that included 21 co-operation in 10 cooperation fields, that is covering the co-operation in the field; the defence, law enforcement, the eradication of terrorism, intelligence, the maritime co-operation, the safety and the security of the flight, the prevention of the expansion of weapons of mass destruction, preceptive the disaster emergency, the multilateral and constructive organisation co-operation contact and the community's mutual understanding concerning problems in the security field. While the implementation from this security co-operation among them was the development of the capacity (capacity building), the operation together, sharing intelligence and information, joint exercises, that all of it that could increase the defence capability and the Indonesian security in responding to various threats that emerged, including the movement of separatism and the communal conflict (intra-state conflict).
Results of this research showed that the function of the security agreement for Indonesia was first, as the control of the territory and geography that were open, second, the security agreement as the response to the nontraditional threat and the third, security agreements as integration efforts of the territory and the integration of politics. From the three functions, then the Indonesian security agreement.
