Diabetes melitus (DM) merupakan gangguan metabolisme yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia dan abnormalitas metabolisme karbohidrat, lemak, dan protein. Penderita DM di dunia terus meningkat seiring dengan perkembangan populasi. Berawal dari kondisi ini, upaya pencarian sumber-sumber pengobatan DM selalu dilakukan. Salah satu terapi yang digunakan dalam mengobati DM adalah agen penghambat α-glukosidase. α-Glukosidase merupakan enzim yang dapat memecah karbohidrat kompleks menjadi gula sederhana. Penghambatan enzim ini dapat memperlambat pencernaan karbohidrat sehingga menunda absorpsi glukosa.
Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi kandungan golongan senyawa dan menguji kemampuan dalam menghambat aktivitas α-glukosidase pada ekstrak etanol dari beberapa tanaman yang digunakan sebagai obat antidiabetes. Uji penghambatan aktivitas α-glukosidase dilakukan dengan metode spektrofotometri. Serbuk simplisia diekstrak dengan cara refluks menggunakan etanol 80%.
Berdasarkan uji penghambatan aktivitas α-glukosidase, semua ekstrak tanaman dapat menghambat aktivitas α-glukosidase. Tiga ekstrak paling aktif adalah ekstrak kulit batang Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaetern, ekstrak akar Saccharum officinarum, dan ekstrak kulit batang Persea americana Mill. dengan nilai IC50 berturut-turut, 5,16 ppm; 10,35 ppm; dan 10,83 ppm. Ketiganya mengandung glikosida, tanin, dan saponin. Berdasarkan uji kinetika penghambatan enzim diketahui bahwa ekstrak kulit batang randu memiliki aktivitas penghambatan kompetitif.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglicemia and associated with abnormalities in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. Patients with DM in the world continues to increase along with population growth. Starting from this condition, the search for sources of DM treatment was always performed. One therapy used in treating DM is α-glucosidase inhibitor. α-Glucosidase is an enzyme that can break down complex carbohydrate into simple sugar. Inhibiton of this enzyme can retard the rate of carbohydrate digestion resulting in a delay in glucose absorption. The purpose of this study was to identify the content of chemical compound and to test the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in ethanolic extracts of some plants used as antidiabetic. α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity test carried out by spectrophotometric method. The simplisia powder was extracted by reflux using 80% ethanol. Based on α-glucosidase inhibitory activity test, all the plant extracts were active in inhibiting α-glucosidase. The three most active extracts were Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaetern bark extract, Saccharum officinarum root extract, and Persea americana Mill. bark extract with IC50 of 5.16 ppm; 10.35 ppm; and 10.83 ppm, respectively. They were contain glycoside, tannin, and saponin. From the test results of the kinetics of inhibition of the enzyme is known that the bark extract of randu have competitive inhibitory activity.
