ABSTRAKPenelilian tahap perlama ini merupakan penelitian survai, yang bertujuan untuk
memperoleh informasi tentang : (1) urutan kompetensi ahli teknik mesin yang
dibutuhkan oleh dunia kerja, (2) urutan penguasaan kompetensi sarjana teknik
mesin, (3) urutan kompetensi ahli teknik mesin yang perlu didngkatkan, (4)
kompetensi lulusan teknik mesin yang perlu ditingkatkam menurut perguruan
tinggi, (5) kompehensi yang perlu mendapat perhatian perguruan tinggi dalarn
pengcmbangan kurikulum, (6) urutan prioritas cabang ilmu heknik mesin yang
perlu dikembangkan, (7) kerjasama perguruan tinggi dan industri, (8) kondisi
perguruan tinggi. Lnformasi tersebut di atas akan dijadikan sébagai landa,san_)
dalam penelitian berikutnya, yaitu perancangan model pernbelajaz-an yang
mampu mendukung terciptqnya kebutuhan kompetensi yang telah dirumuskan
pada penelitian `
Untuk mendapatkan infonnasi tersebut di atas, dilakukan survai pada '16 industri
yang bergerak di bidang teknik mesin dan 6 perguruan tinggi negeri. Industri
yang disurvai mencakup induslri mesin yang memproduksi bahan, barang jadi,
dan jasa. Perguruan tinggi yang di survai adalah UNSRL ITB, UI, UGM, ITS,
UNHAS. Instrumen penelitian yang dipakai dalam penelitiah ini berupa
kuesioner yang dibuat untuk industzi dan keperluan pergunzan tinggi. Kuesipner
untuk keperluan industri terdiri dari 4 bagian yailu idemitas responden, persepsi
kemampuan dasar ahli heknik mesin, penguasaan kompetensi sazjana teknik
mesin clan kerjasama dengan perguruan tinggi. Kuesioner untuk keperluan
pérgliruan tinggi terdiri dari 5 bagian yaitu identitas responden, `pe1nbekalan
pengetahuan teknik mesin, kelengkapan fasilitas pendidikan, kondisi pengajaran,
kerjasama dengan instansi lain.
Hasil analisis data secara deskriptif mengungkapkan bahwa A). Kebutuhan ahli
teknik mesin menurut industri adalah 1 (1) lima umtan prioritas kompetensi dari
yang paljng penting adalah : perencanaan & perancangan nekayasa, rnanajemen rekayasa, pendidikan dan pelatihan, komunikasi, pengetahuan 8: keterampilan
dasar rekayasa profesional; (2) Urutan penguasaan kompctensi diurut mulai dari
yang paling lemah adalah kumuniksi, penelitian & pengembangan,
komersialisasi, manajemen aset, implementasi proyek, manufaktur 6: produksi;
(3) umtan kompetensi yang perlu ditingkatkan diurut mulai dari yang paling
-penting adalah komunilcasi, perencanaan & perancangan rekayasa, pendidikan &
pelatihan, penelitian & pengembangan, komersialisasi; (4) arah perkembangan
bidang ilmu tekni1< mesin diurut mulai dari yang paling penting adalah konversi
energi, pemipaan & instalasi, variasi mesin untuk kebutuhan khusus, mesin-
mesin otomotif, mesin-mesin pertanian; B) Kebufsuhan ahli teknik mesin menurut
pergnu-uan tinggi adalah: (1) kompetensi yang perlu dilingkatkan adalah prinsip
& etika profesi, (2) kompebensi yang perlu dipertimbangkan dalam
pengembangan kudkulum adalahz komunikasi, perencanaan '& perancangan
rekayasa, pendidikan 8: pelatihan, manajemen aset, penelitian & pengembangan,
komersialisasi; prinsip 8: etilca profesi; (3) seluruh perguruan Iinggi ternyata
pernah melakukan kezjasama dengan industri, namun masing-masing melihat
dari kepantingannya sendiri, belum pada kepentingan bersama, (4) praktikum
pada umumnya berjalan lancar, fasilitas perpustakaan dan administrasi
pelayanan memadai, metoda, media pembelajaran serta tugas yang diberikan
pada mahasiswa miskin variasi.
Berdasarkan kesimpulan di atas, maka dapat diiemukaan bebe)-apa saran
implikasi hasil temuan penelitian sebagai berikul: (1) model pembelajaran yang
dikembangkan dirancang sedemikian, sehingga dapat meningkatkan kemampuan
(kompetensi) sebagai berikut : (a) kemampuan berkomunikasi secara efektif
(terlulis dan lisan), (b) lcemampuan rancang bangun dan rekayasa dalarn bidang
pcrmesinan, (c) kemampuan mengaplikasikan konsep dan prinsip manajemen
dalam proses belajarnya, (d) kemampuan menjelaskan prinsip-prinsip penelitian
cjan pengembangannya untuk menghasilkan produk Iayak jual, (e) kemampuan
menjalankan tugas sesuai dengan kode etik profesional, (2) mata kuiiah yang
akan digunakan sebagai obyek garapan pengembangan model pembelajaran
adalan mata kuliah yang memungkinkan (cocok) untuk climinati. Stra pembelajaran yang diusulkan adalah strategi mendukung ke arah pembentukan kompetensi sebagaimana tertera di atas, (3) bidang garapan kerjasama Perguruan Tinggi - Industri yang ada agar diupayakan untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai lahan penerapan dalam menumbuhkan kompetensi yang diperlukan, (4) temuan mengenai arah pengexnbangan bidang ilmu teknik mesin, agar diperlimbangkan,
sebagai masukan dalam mengembangkan metode pernbelajaran, (5) kegiatan
pembelajaran, jenis tugas yang diberikan, media pembelajaran dan kegiatan
praktikum seria fasilitas laboratorium yang ada, agar dimanfaatkan, dimoclifikasi
sedemikian sehfngga mendulcung ke arah tercapainya kompetensi yang
diharapkan, (6) karakheristik dosen, mahasiswa perlu digali, agar efektlfitas
pembelajaran meningkat.
AbstractThe aim of this first stage research were to find out the information about : (1) the ranking
priority of Mechanical Engineer?s competence in industries, (2) the ranking of mastering
level?s competence of Mechanical Engineer who works in industries, (3) the kinds of
competence of Mechanical Engineer needed to be improved proposed by industries, (4)
the competence of Mechanical Engineer?s needed to be improved proposed by the
Technical Higher Education, (5) the ranking priority of Mechanical Engineering
Specialisation needed to be developed, (6) kind of partnership activities between industry
and technical higher education., (7) the existing condition of instructional facilities usage
in the technical higher education. All this infomation above will be`used as main input,
instrumental input for developing instructional model that will be able to support the
competency needed by the Mechanical Engineer that will be held in the second stage of
research.
Survey in 16 industries producing materials, goods and mechanical engineering service,
and 6 (six) States Technical I-Hgher Education in Mechanical Engineering Division had
been done in order to gather infomation needed for this research. The (six) States
Technical Higher Education in Mechanical Engineering Division were UNSRI, ITB, UI,
UGM., ITS, UNHAS. The instmments for survey consist of questiormaire for industries
and for universities. The questionnaire for industry consists of 4 parts, there are
respondent identity, the perception items of basic knowledge competency needed for the
professional mechanical engineer, the perception of mastering level competency of
Mechanical Engineer who works in industries, kind of partnership activities between
industry and university. The questionnaire for States Technical Higher Education in
Mechanical Engineering Division consists of 5 (five) parts, there are respondent identity,
the perception of mechanical engineering content to be given in promoting competency
,needed for Mechanical Engineer in university, the existing facilities in education, the
existing condition of instructional activities to be handled, kind partnership activities
between industry and university. This research find out : A) From industrial point of view that : (1) The ranking priority of Mechanical Engineer competency, presents from the most important competency were Engineering Planning and Design, Management of Engineering Works, Education and Training, Communication, Professional Engineering Practice Skill and Basic Engineering Knowledge, (2) The ranking mastering level competence of Mechanical Engineer who
works in industry presents from the lowest level ofmzistcring were Communication,
Research Development and Commercialisation, Asset Management, Project
Implementation and Production ; (3) The ranking of competence needed to be improved
according to the industries, presents from the most important competency were
Communication, Engineering Planning and Design, Education and Training, Asset
Management, Research Development and Commercialisation ; (4) The direction of
mechanical engineering specialist needed to be developed presents from the most
important were Energy Conversion & Electric Power, Plant and Piping Engineering,
Various Special Industries Machinery Engineering, Automotive Engineering, Agricultural
Machine Engineering ; B) From Higher Education point of view this research find out that
2 (1) The competency needed to be improved according to respondent in the higher
education technology was The Professional Ethics and Principles; (2) The competency
needed to be considered in curriculum development were Communication, Engineering
Planning and Design, Education and Training, Asset Management, Research.
Development and Commercialisation, Professional Ethics and Principles, (3) Almost all
higher education technology in mechanical engineering division ever having activities with
industry ; (4) Almost all higher education technology in mechanical engineering division
had done very well the laboratory works ; library facilities and services also in good order; the instructional method and media usage and task to be given to the students were in
poor in variety.
Base on the summary above, some suggestions are proposed as follow: __ (l) _In order to
develop instructional model for mechanical engineering division: (a) the ranking priority
of competence needed to be achieved have to be used as the instructional objective , (b) he condition of the mechanical engineering division , such as the characteristics of course
content, the characteristics ofthe students, the constraints and strength in the education
institution and industries. (2) By knowing the type of collaboration activities between
university and industry, it can be used as an input for improving a better collaboration
which can give benefits for both clearly, (3) By knowing the direction of mechanical
engineering specialist needed to be developed _ it can be used as an input for designing
specific instructional task for students in order to increase enrichment in knowledge or for
curriculum development.