ABSTRAK
Indonesia adalah negara maritim sekaligus negara kepulauan terbesar di dunia.Dengan predikat tersebut, Indonesia memiliki kekayaan hayati dan non hayati lautyang sangat berlimpah dan memiliki nilai yang tidak terhingga sehingga dapatdipertimbangkan sebagai salah satu kekayaan laut terbesar di Asia. Indonesiasebagai negara modern juga memiliki industri perkapalan dan pelayaran yangcukup maju, hal ini ditandai dengan banyaknya armada kapal yang dimiliki olehperusahaan kapal nasional baik di sektor swasta maupun pemerintah sertabanyaknya pelabuhan modern yang strategis yang menjadi pusat perlabuhan bagikapal laut asing maupun domestik. Kemajuan tersebut tentu membawa dampakyang positif bagi semua pihak serta sebagai suatu indikator kemajuanperekonomian nasional, namun di sisi lain, lintas kapal yang melalui wilayahperairan Indonesia juga memiliki resiko yang dapat mengancam kepentingannasional. Penelitian ini mencoba mengkaji salah satu resiko tersebut, yaitu resikoterhadap pencemaran lingkungan hidup di laut yang mungkin timbul akibattumpahan minyak di laut yang bersumber dari kapal tanker sebagai pembawamuatan minyak. Mengambil contoh kapal pada umumnya, dan kapal tanker padakhususnya (kapal tanker membawa muatan minyak curah yang memiliki kadarkonsentrasi yang cukup tinggi yang apabila tumpah dapat menyebabkanpencemaran lingkungan hidup di laut serta membahayakan biota di laut),penelitian ini mencoba untuk melakukan analisa terhadap bentuk pertanggungjawaban pemilik kapal tanker terhadap kerusakan lingkungan hidup di laut akibatkecelakaan kapal. Asuransi di satu sisi merupakan skema perlindungan terhadapresiko yang dapat merugikan kegiatan usaha & perekonomian nasional, sehinggaasuransi adalah konsep yang sangat komprehensif, lengkap, dan menguntungkanbagi semua pihak. Penelitian ini mencoba menerapkan konsep asuransi sebagaimekanisme perlindungan yang wajib pada dunia industri pelayaran danperkapalan di Indonesia agar dapat memberikan solusi perlindungan danpertanggung jawaban yang lebih baik serta lebih efektif lagi sebagai bentuk solusidari pertanggung jawaban pemilik kapal tanker terhadap kemungkinan timbulnyapencemaran lingkungan hidup di laut yang bersumber dari kapal tanker sebagaiakibat tumpahan minyak.

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ABSTRACT
Indonesia is a maritime nation-state as well as one of the largest archipelago

countries in the world. With that status, Indonesia has abundant biological and

non-biological assets within its seas and thus possess unlimited values and

considered to be one of the wealthiest nation-states in Asia in terms of its

maritime's and richness. Indonesia as a modern state also possess a shipping and

maritime industry that can be considered to be quite advanced, such matter is

indicated through the modernisation and the large number of fleet owned by

Indonesian national or private companies. Not only that, the high number of

strategic ports built by the Indonesian government for the interest of both

domestic and international ships are also the indication of how our maritime and

shipping industry to be quite advanced. Such progress surely brings positive

impact towards all stakeholders as well as being an indicator for the progress of

national economy, yet on the other side, the shipping lines and traffic through

Indonesian seas also possesses a risk that can threat national interest. This

research attempts to analyze one of those aforementioned risks, which is the risk

towards maritime environment pollution that might be occurred as an effect from

oil spill within the seas that sourced from tankers as the carrier of the oils (oil as

the main cargo). Using the examples of ships in general terms and tanker to be

specific (tankers bring oils as cargo that has high concentration of damages if

spilled to the seas and likely to create pollution within the environment that can

threat the marine biota), this research attempts to undertake a comprehensive

study regarding the liabilities of the tankers owners towards the damages of the

sea environment that caused by accidents. Insurance on the other side is known to

be a strategic scheme that can provide protection towards the risks which can

cover both the business owners and the interest of the national economy, thus

insurance can be considered to be a very comprehensive and complete concept

that can benefits all stakeholders. This research also try to apply the insurance

concept as a mandatory (obligatory) protection mechanism towards the shipping

and maritime lines industry in Indonesia so it can provide better, improved and

effective solution in terms of ship owners protection and liabilities in terms of

engaging the possibilities of sea pollution environment that sourced from tankers'

accidents causing oil spill.