ABSTRAK
Grinding ball merupakan salah satu komponen dalam mesin ball mill yangberfungsi untuk menggerus batuan mineral menjadi partikel yang sangat halus(100-300 mesh). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruhpenambahan unsur paduan berupa khromium, molibdenum, vanadium, dan boronterhadap sifat-sifat mekanik grinding ball terbuat dari material high chromiumwhite cast iron, serta pengaruh volume karbida primer, karbida sekunder, danaustenit sisa terhadap ketahanan aus produk grinding ball.
Pembuatan grinding ball berukuran Ø50 mm dilakukan dengan menggunakanteknik pengecoran logam dengan menggunakan tungku induksi. Berikut ini adalahkomposisi kimia dari masing-masing grinding ball dalam penelitian ini: 2,18C -13Cr - 1.38Mo; 1.94C - 13.1Cr - 1.29Mo - 1.307V; 1.89C - 13.1Cr - 1.32Mo -1.361V - 0.00051B; 2.12C - 16.5Cr - 1.55Mo. Proses perlakuan panas dilakukanterhadap material tersebut berupa: (1) subcritical heat treatment (700oC, 1 jam)dengan pendinginan udara atmosfer, (2) hardening (950oC, 5 jam) denganpendinginan udara paksa, (3) tempering (250oC, 1 jam) dengan pendinginan udaraatmosfer. Karakterisasi untuk mengetahui sifat-sifat mekanik dan struktur mikrodari material tersebut dilakukan melalui beberapa pengujian diantaranya adalahanalisa komposisi kimia (Optical Electron Spectroscopy/OES), uji kekerasan(Brinell/ASTM E-10), uji impak (Charpy/ASTM E-23), analisa struktur mikro(mikroskop optik, SEM, XRD), dan uji ketahanan aus/wear rates (laboratory ballmill unit).
Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa penambahan khromium, molibdenum,vanadium, dan boron memberikan peningkatan yang signifikan terhadap nilaikekerasan dan ketahananan aus pada material high chromium white cast iron.Nilai ketahanan aus grinding ball yang tinggi dimiliki oleh material dengankomposisi 1.89C - 13.1Cr - 1.32Mo - 1.361V - 0.00051B (as-cast) dan 2.12C -16.5Cr - 1.55Mo (as-tempered), dimana nilai ketahanan aus material tersebutlebih baik dibandingkan dengan grinding ball impor asal China dan India.Ketahanan aus yang tinggi pada material tersebut diakibatkan oleh nilai kekerasandan ketangguhan yang berimbang, besarnya kandungan volume karbida primerdan sekunder dalam matriks martensit, rendahnya kandungan austenit sisa, sertamorfologi karbida primer dan sekunder yang halus.

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Abstract
Grinding ball is one of the components in the ball mill unit to grind the mineralsrock into very fine particles (100-300 mesh). The purpose of this research are toinvestigate the effect of alloying elements, such as chromium, molybdenum,vanadium, and boron on the mechanical properties of grinding ball which is madefrom high chromium white cast iron, and to investigate the effect of primary andsecondary carbide volume fraction and also retained austenite volume on the wearresistance of grinding ball.
The manufacturing of Ø50 mm grinding ball was conducted by using the ironcasting process. The following are the chemical composition of the grinding ball?smaterials in this research: 2.18 C-13 Cr- 1.38 Mo; 1.94 C-13.1 Cr-1.29Mo-1.307V; 1.89 C-13.1Cr-1.32 Mo-1.361 V-0.00051B; 2.12 C-16.5 Cr-1.55 Mo. The heattreatment process were conducted into those materials include: (1) Subcritical heattreatment (700 ° C, 1 h) with atmospheric air cooling , (2) Hardening (950oC, 5hours) with forced air cooling, and (3) Tempering (250oC, 1 hour) withatmospheric air cooling. Materials characterization was conducted to find out themechanical properties and micro structure of those materials by using a fewtesting methods, there were: chemical analysis (Optical ElectronSpectroscopy/OES), hardness testing (Brinell/ASTM E-10), impact testing(Charpy/ASTM E-23), micro structure analysis (optical microscope, SEM, XRD),and wear resistance/wear rates testing (laboratory ball mill unit).
From the results, the addition of alloying elements, such as chromium, vanadium,molybdenum and boron provided a significant improvement on the hardness andwear resistance of high chromium white cast iron. The high wear resistance wasowned by the material with 1.89 C-13.1Cr-1.32 Mo-1.361 V-0.00051B (as-cast)and 2.12 C-16.5 Cr-1.55 Mo (as-tempered), which were better than grinding ball?smaterial from China and India. It was caused by a good combination betweenhardness and toughness, higher primary and secondary carbide volume fraction inmartensitic matrix, lower retained austenite volume, and finer structure of primaryand secondary carbide.