ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang. Kejadian aterosklerosis, dilaporkan lebih sering pada pasien lupus eritematosus sitemik (LES) dibandingkan individu tanpa LES, salah satunya adalah penyakit arteri perifer (PAP). Klorokuin diduga memiliki efek protektif terhadap kejadian PAP melalui penekanan kadar sitokin proinflamasi dan efek menurunkan kadar kolesterol, namun beberapa penelitian lain menunjukkan bahwa klorokuin meningkatkan kadar sitokin proinflamasi. Hingga saat ini, penelitian mengenai pengaruh klorokuin belum pernah dilakukan pada populasi pasien LES di Indonesia.Tujuan Penelitian. Mengetahui pengaruh klorokuin terhadap kejadian PAP pada pasien LES wanita berusia 40 tahun ke bawah.Metode Penelitian. Studi kasus kontrol dilakukan terhadap pasien LES wanita berusia 40 tahun ke bawah di RS Cipto Mangunkusumo selama Juni-Agustus 2012 yang tidak menderita diabetes melitus ataupun hipertensi sebelum diagnosis LES ditegakkan. Pasien dengan penyakit autoimun selain LES dan gagal ginjal kronik dieksklusi dari penelitian. Pengaruh klorokuin terhadap PAP pada pasien LES dinyatakan dalam odds ratio (OR). Peran variabel perancu dinilai pada analisis regresi logistik berjenjang sehingga didapatkan adjusted OR.Hasil Penelitian. Dari 18 subjek yang menderita PAP (kelompok kasus), sebanyak 8 (44,4 %) menggunakan klorokuin dan dari 72 subjek yang tidak menderita PAP (kelompok kontrol), 20 (27,8 %) di antaranya menggunakan klorokuin. Setelah dilakukan adjustment terhadap variabel perancu (usia, lama menderita sakit, dislipidemia, dan aktivitas penyakit), tidak didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara penggunaaan klorokuin dengan kejadian PAP pada pasien LES wanita berusia di bawah 40 tahun (adjusted OR 2,44; IK95 % 0,76 sampai 7,87).Simpulan. Pengaruh klorokuin terhadap kejadian PAP pada pasien LES wanita berusia 40 tahun ke bawah belum dapat disimpulkan pada penelitian ini.

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ABSTRACT
Background. Atherosclerosis is enhanced in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) compared to general population, one of which is peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Chloroquine has protective effects in peripheral arterial disease through the suppression of proinflamatory cytokine levels and lipid lowering effect, although other studies have shown the increasing of cytokine levels by chloroquine. To date, no studies have ever been performed to investigate the effect of chloroquine on peripheral arterial disease in Indonesian lupus patients.Aims. To investigate the effects of chloroquine on peripheral arterial disease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus aged forty-year-old and below.Methods. A case control study including female lupus patients aged forty year-old and younger in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital between June-August 2012, who do not suffer from diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension before the diagnosis of lupus is confirmed. Patients with other autoimmune disease than lupus and/or with chronic kidney disease were excluded from the study. Effect of chloroquine on peripheral arterial disease in lupus patients is expressed in odds ratio (OR). The role of confounding factors analyzed with multiple logistic regression to estimate the adjusted OR.Results. Eight (44.4 %) of the total 18 subjects contracting PAD (case group) and 20 (27.8 %) of the total 72 subjects without PAD (control group) were using chloroquine. After adjustments towards confounding factors (age, disease duration, dyslipidemia, and disease activity) were completed, the results showed there was no considerable relation between the use of chloroquine and PAD case in female SLE patients aged below forty-year-old (adjusted OR 2.44; 95 % CI 0.76 to 7.87).Conclusion. The effect of chloroquine usage on PAD case in female SLE patients aged forty-year-old and below can not be concluded from this study.