ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Upaya pencegahan sakit akibat kerja karena pajanan bahan
kimia dapat dilakukan melalui program kesehatan kerja yang berbasis risiko.
Kajian risiko penting bagi Proyek Konstruksi LNG. Pekerjaan yang bersifat
jangka pendek, jumlah tenaga keria yang besar, Iokasi proyek di daerah
terpencil dan dengan jenis pekerjaan yang sangat bervariasi serta dikerjakan
secara simultan (SIMOPS) dapat menimbulkan berbagai macam risiko
kesehatan kerja melalui pajanan berbagai macam bahaya kesehatan termasuk
bahan-bahan kimia.
Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat dekriptif dengan meiakukan evaluasi penggunaan
pendekatan He-althMap dalam mengkaji risiko bahan kimia pada Proyek
Konstruksi LNG di Perusahaan X yang dilakukan pada tahun 2007. Evaluasi
dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan hasil kajian risiko yang diperoleh
melalui pendekatan Hea!thMap dengan hasil kajian risiko yang diperoleh melalui
Studi Iiteratur. Hasil telitian: ldentifikasi Hazard. Beberapa hazard bahan kimia tidak
teridentifikasi seperti benlium, karbon monoksida, debu, gas, isocyanates. Tidak
teridentirikasinya hazard tersebut karena kurangnya kompetensi pelaksana dan
tidak tersedianya alat bantu. Kaiian Pa'|anan. Faktor ketidakpastian cukup besar
karena tidak tersedianya data pajanan, kesulitan menentukan besar relatif
populasi terpajan dan terbatasnya informasi untuk mengestimasi tingkat
pajanan. Kaian dan Prioritisasi Risiko. Tingkat risiko Iebih ditentukan dari aspek
konsekuensi atau dampak kesehatan. Pnoritisasi diiakukan untuk menyesuaikan
dengan kemampuan proyek dalam melakukan tindak-Ianjut.
Kesimpulanz ldentifikasi Hazard. (1) Pemberian alat bantu berupa daftar
periksa dapat membantu proses identiiikasi hazard. (2) Kompetensi pelaksana
identifikasi hazard mempengaruhi hasil identihkasl. (3) Proses prioritisasi pada
tahap identitikasi hazard mengakibatkan tidak terkajinya beberapa hazard
bahan kimia pada tahapan selanjutnya. Ka`|ian Pa'|anan. (1) Penentuan tingkat
pajanan yang berdasarkan nilai ambang batas sulit untuk dipahami oleh
karyawan yang non-specialist. (2) Kajian pajanan dilakukan dengan hanya
mempertimbangkan besar relatif populasi berisiko. (3) Terdapat tingkat
ketidakpastian yang tinggi dalam menentukan besar pajanan tanpa data
pengukuran lingkungan kerja. Kaiian dan Prioritisasi Risiko. (1) Penentuan
tingkat risiko berdasarkan tingkat hazard atau pajanan yang lebih tinggi sudah
tepat. (2) Diperlukan kekuatan analisa assessor dalam menentukan tingkat
risiko. (3) Hasil Healthlvlap belum bisa dijadikan basis yang kuat dalam
pengembangan manajemen dan program kesehatan kerja. (3) HealthMap
sebagai screening awal dalam kajian risiko dapat membantu perusahaan agar
dapat Iebih etisien dan efektif dalam melakukan manajemen risiko.
ABSTRACTIntroduction: Occupational illnesses due to exposure to chemicals can be
prevented through risk»based occupational health programs. Therefore, risk
assessments are important during the construction phase of the LNG project. A
variety of occupational health risks, including exposure to chemicals, can be the
result of:
~ Short-term work activities,
» Large numbers ofworkers,
» Remote area locations, `
~ Various types of work performed simultaneously (SIMOPS).
Method: This research, conducted in 2007, is descriptive in nature and was
carried out by evaluating the implementation of the ?HealthMap" approach in
assessing chemical risks during the construction phase of the LNG project at
Company X. This evaluation was conducted by comparing the results of the
health risk assessment from the HealthMap approach and literature.
Research results: Hazard Identitication: Several chemical hazards were not
identitied, such as beryllium, carbon monoxide, dust, gas, and isocyanates due
to a lack of competent skills of the personnel involved and unavailability of
hazard identification tools. Exposure Assessment: There was a great deal of
uncertainty due to an unavailability of data regarding exposure, dificulties in
estimating the populations at risk and limited information available to estimate
the exposure levels in the workplace. _Risk Assessments and Prioritizations:
Risk levels were determined by focusing more on the consequences rather than
the effects of the hazards themselves. Prioritizations were determined to ensure
that the project is capable of implementing the risk control programs.
Conclusions: Hazard Identification: (1) A checklist as a tool to identify hazards
is necessary to optimize this process. (2) The competencies of personnel who
cany out the hazard identitications are critical in ensuring that the results are accurate. (3) Prioritization processes during the hazard identification may result
in the overlook of chemical hazard review in the next stage.
Exposure Assessment: (1) Determining the exposure levels based on threshold
limit value is difticult for non-specialist personnel to understand. (2) Exposure
assessments are conducted by merely considering the relative numbers of
people at risk. (3) There is still a great deal of uncertainty about how to
determine the exposure levels without any access to workplace environmental
monitoring data.
Risk Assessments and Prioritizations; (1) Detennining risk levels based on more
stringent level between the effects of hazards and exposure would be more
suitable. (2) Personnel with more highly developed analytical skills are required
to determine the risk levels. (3) The HealthMap results are not adequate as a
basis for developing occupational health management and programs. (3) Using
Healthlvlap as a preliminary screening to assess health risks can assist the
company in becoming more efhcient and effective in managing risks.
T34552-Elsye As Safira.pdf :: Unduh