Latar Belakang: Sepsis saat ini masih merupakan masalah utama di bidang perawatan dan pelayanan neonatus dengan angka mortalitas 24% pada tahun 2012. Gangguan sistem koagulasi pada sepsis akibat aktivasi endotel dan pengeluaran faktor jaringan ditandai dengan eksaserbasi proses koagulasi, gangguan sistem anti-koagulasi, dan penurunan degradasi fibrin yang mengakibatkan terbentuknya trombosis mikrosirkulasi, deposisi bekuan fibrin, hipoperfusi jaringan serta hasil akhir berupa disfungsi organ. Kaskade koagulasi menunjukkan trombin memiliki peran penting dan salah satu komponen antikoagulan utama diperankan oleh antitrombin (AT). Seratus persen neonatus dengan sepsis menderita defisiensi AT namun belum ada data pada neonatus yang secara klinis menderita sepsis. Tujuan: Mengetahui profil dan perubahan kadar antitrombin pada neonatus yang secara klinis menderita sepsis awitan dini di unit perawatan Perinatologi Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Anak Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo. Metode: Penelitian bersifat deskriptif prospektif yang dilakukan pada bulan Agustus-November 2013. Subjek penelitian adalah neonatus usia gestasi 28-40 minggu (berat lahir >1000 gram) yang secara klinis terdiagnosis sepsis dan dirawat di ruang Perawatan Perinatologi Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo. Dilakukan pengukuran kadar serum AT secara serial pada perawatan hari pertama, ketiga dan kelima. Kadar serum AT disajikan dalam bentuk nilai rerata dan simpang baku. Analisis statistik dilakukan untuk melihat perbedaan antar rerata AT pada hari pertama, ketiga dan kelima perawatan dengan menggunakan uji Anova (analisis bivariat). Hasil: Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 62 neonatus yang secara klinis menderita sepsis. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan peningkatan rerata AT yang meningkat secara bermakna pada ketiga pengukuran AT (P=0,000) dan kecenderungan peningkatan kadar AT yang lebih tinggi pada pasien yang hidup dibandingkan pasien yang mati. Terdapat 56,5% neonatus dengan defisiensi antitrombin pada pemeriksaan hari pertama perawatan dengan profil nilai rerata AT pasien penelitian sebesar 30,01% (SD 17,36) pada pemeriksaan hari pertama, 37,9% (SD 19,34) pada pemeriksaan hari ketiga dan 47,05% (SD 18,25) pada pemeriksaan hari kelima perawatan. Simpulan: Terdapat profil kadar AT yang rendah dan peningkatan kadar AT pada pasien neonatus yang secara klinis menderita sepsis. Antitrombin masih mungkin memiliki peran sebagai faktor prognostik.

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Background: Neonatal sepsis still becomes one of major problems in neonatal care. The problem can be seen from the 24% mortality in 2012. Within the pathophysiology of sepsis, coagulation derangements caused by endothelial activation and secretion of tissue factor, are characterized by coagulation exacerbation, impaired anticoagulation system, and decreased fibrin removal. These derangements are marked by the generation of microcirculation thrombosis with deposition of microclots and obstruction of circulation, impairing blood flow contributing to tissue hypoperfusion and consequently organ dysfunction. In addition to this, coagulation cascade demonstrates that thrombin has major role in the formation of fibrin. One of the main anticoagulant against the coagulation activity is played by antithrombin (AT). Eventhough all neonate with neonatal infection have AT deficiency, there is no data in clinically early-onset neonatal infection.

Objectives: This study was designed to identify the profile and changes in AT in clinically early-onset neonatal infection in Perinatology ward Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.

Method: A descriptive in prospectively was conducted from August until November 2013. Subjects were neonate 28-40 weeks gestational ages (birth weight >1000 gram) who clinically diagnosed with neonatal infection and hospitalized in Perinatology ward Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Serum AT level was measured serially in the first, third, and fifth day of the hospitalization. Data AT profile was presented by the mean and confidence interval. Anova test was used to analyze the difference between measurements (bivariate analysis).

Result: This study found that the mean of serum AT level increase significantly in the serial measurement (p=0,000) and there was a trend showing higher increamental level of AT in survived patient compared to the died one. These results are taken from samples of 62 neonates with clinically early-onset neonatal infection. From the samples, 56,5% of neonates were having antithrombin deficiency from the first day of the hospitalization. In addition to this, the means serum AT level was 30,01% (SD 17,36) in the first day, 37,9% (SD 19,34) in the third day and 47,05% (SD 18,25) in the fifth day of hospitalization.

Conclusion: There was low level of antithrombin profile and increasing serum level AT in clinically early-onset neonatal infection. Antithrombin may have beneficial effect as a prognostic factor.