[Skripsi ini menguji validitas hipotesis Structure-Conduct and Performance (SCP) dan hipotesis Efficiency Structure (ES) dalam menjelaskan kinerja industri batubara di Indonesia pada periode 2003 s.d. 2012. Teknik estimasi model penelitian menggunakan random effect model. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hipotesis ES lebih dapat menjelaskan kinerja perusahaan di industri batubara dalam konteks profitabilitas dibandingkan hipotesis SCP. Dengan kata lain efisiensi lebih berpengaruh terhadap profitabilitas perusahaan batubara di Indonesia dibandingkan tingkat konsentrasi pasar. Hasil penelitian juga mengindikasikan pasar batubara di Indonesia sudah mendekati persaingan sempurna., This thesis tested the validity of the hypothesis of Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) and the Efficiency Structure (ES) in explaining the performance of the coal industry in Indonesia in the period 2003 until 2012. Research model estimation technique used a random effect model. The results showed that the hypothesis can explain the ES hypothesis over the company's performance in the coal industry in the context of profitability compared to the SCP hypothesis. In other words, the efficiency has more influence on the profitability of the coal companies in Indonesia compared to the level of market concentration. The results also indicated an Indonesian coal market is approaching perfect competition.]