Keanekaragaman hayati adalah keragaman dari makhluk hidup dari berbagai sumber di seluruh planet. Dari beragam spesies yang ada di bumi ini, banyak diantaranya yang sudah punah dan terancam punah. Punahnya dan terancam punahnya spesies-spesies tersebut dapat diakibatkan oleh beberapa hal, yaitu hilangnya habitat mereka, adanya spesies asing di lingkungan mereka, polusi, eksploitasi yang berlebihan, adanya penyakit-penyakit atau wabah, perdagangan ilegal satwa liar, perubahan iklim dan konflik antara manusia dengan satwa liar. Dari berbagai macam spesies yang ada di bumi, salah satu spesies yang terancam kelestariannya adalah Harimau (Panthera tigris). Tiga dari sembilan subspesies harimau yang ada diketahui telah punah, yaitu harimau Bali, harimau Jawa dan harimau Kaspia. Dalam rangka mencegah bertambahnya jumlah Harimau yang punah, maka dilakukan konservasi. Terkait dengan konservasi terhadap harimau, di lingkungan internasional telah ada upaya konservasi satwa tersebut dengan dibuatnya instrumen-instrumen hukum internasional, seperti Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (World Heritage Convention) dan ASEAN Agreement on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources 1985. Selain itu, juga terdapat peraturan-peraturan yang berkenaan dengan konservasi harimau secara regional dan bilateral. Adapun praktik konservasi yang dilakukan dalam melindungi harimau di negara-negara seperti Cina, India, Rusia dan Indonesia.

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Biodiversity is the diversity of living things from a variety of sources across the planet. From variety of species that exist on the Earth, many of which are extinct and endangered. Extinction and threatened to become endangered in species caused by habitat loss, presence of alien species in their neighborhoods, pollution, excessive exploitation, epidemic diseases, illegal wildlife trade, climate change conflict between man and wildlife. From various species that exist on earth, one of the species that threatened to become endangered is Tiger (Panthera tigris). Three of nine tiger subspecies are already extinct, namely Bali tiger, Javan tiger and Caspian tiger. In order to prevent the increasing of extinction in tiger, therefore conservation is conducted. Related to the conservation of the Tiger, in the international sphere there has been an effort in conserving the tiger by the establishment of international legal instruments, such as Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (World Heritage Convention) and ASEAN Agreement on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources 1985. In addition, there are also rules relating to tiger conservation regionally and bilaterally. Practice of tiger conservation also conducted in several countries such as China, India, Russia and Indonesia.