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ABSTRAKTesis ini mengevaluasi perilaku 491 kabupaten/ kota di Indonesia dalam
mengalokasikan pengeluaran pemerintah di bidang pendidikan. Variabel
eksogen dikelompokkan dalam empat kategori yang meliputi demografi,
ekonomi, geografi, dan politik. Hubungan antarwilayah secara eksplisit
diintegrasikan dalam analisis dengan menggunakan model Maximum Likelihood
(ML) dan Generalized Spatial Two Stage Least Squares (GS2SLS). Hasil analisa
menunjukkan bahwa model Spatial Durbin (SDM) lebih tepat dalam menjelaskan
perilaku pemerintah kabupaten/ kota. Pengeluaran pemerintah dalam bidang
pendidikan tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh variable-variabel eksogennya sendiri
namun juga dipengaruhi oleh variabel-variabel eksogen dan endogen dari
kabupaten/ kota di sekitarnya. Hasil ini mengkonfirmasi bahwa limpasan
(spillover) hipotesis terjadi di tingkat kabupaten/ kota di Indonesia.
Keywords : Perilaku pemerintah, pengeluaran pendidikan, ketergantungan
antarwilayah
JEL Codes : C21, H75, I22.
ABSTRACTThis study investigates 491 Indonesia?s state level behavior in education
spending formulation. Four groups of variables, namely demographic,
economic, geographic and politic, are introduced. Spatial interaction
effect is embedded into the model by using Maximum Likelihood (ML) and
Generalized Spatial Two Stage Least Squares (GS2SLS) estimation. The result
reveals that Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) is better in representing state?s
behavior. State?s education spending decision is not only determined by its own
exogenous variables but also its neighbors? decision through an endogenous and
an exogenous interaction effect. The result also confirms the existence of spillover
hypothesis in Indonesia?s state level.
Keywords : Government behavior, education spending, spatial dependency,
state level
JEL Codes : C21, H75, I22;his study investigates 491 Indonesia’s state level behavior in education
spending formulation. Four groups of variables, namely demographic,
economic, geographic and politic, are introduced. Spatial interaction
effect is embedded into the model by using Maximum Likelihood (ML) and
Generalized Spatial Two Stage Least Squares (GS2SLS) estimation. The result
reveals that Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) is better in representing state’s
behavior. State’s education spending decision is not only determined by its own
exogenous variables but also its neighbors’ decision through an endogenous and
an exogenous interaction effect. The result also confirms the existence of spillover
hypothesis in Indonesia’s state level.
Keywords : Government behavior, education spending, spatial dependency,
state level
JEL Codes : C21, H75, I22, his study investigates 491 Indonesia’s state level behavior in education
spending formulation. Four groups of variables, namely demographic,
economic, geographic and politic, are introduced. Spatial interaction
effect is embedded into the model by using Maximum Likelihood (ML) and
Generalized Spatial Two Stage Least Squares (GS2SLS) estimation. The result
reveals that Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) is better in representing state’s
behavior. State’s education spending decision is not only determined by its own
exogenous variables but also its neighbors’ decision through an endogenous and
an exogenous interaction effect. The result also confirms the existence of spillover
hypothesis in Indonesia’s state level.
Keywords : Government behavior, education spending, spatial dependency,
state level
JEL Codes : C21, H75, I22]