[ABSTRAK
Peningkatan kebutuhan terhadap energi dan kesadaran akan ancaman polusi lingkungan, medorong kebutuhan akan adanya solusi terhadap energi yang bersih dan berkelanjutan. Material semikonduktor TiO2 merupakan material yang diharapkan dapat memainkan peran penting untuk membantu menyelesaikan masalah krisis energi melalui pemanfaatan energi matahari berbasis perangkat fotovoltaik. Dye sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) merupakan sel surya alternatif yang lebih murah dibandingkan dengan sel fotovoltaik berbasis silikon. Pada penelitian ini dilaporkan proses fabrikasi DSSC menggunakan TiO2 nanotube serbuk yang diperoleh dari anodisasi plat Ti dengan teknik Rapid Breakdown Anodization (RBA) dalam elektrolit HClO4 0,15 M. Beberapa variasi potensial yang diberikan, yaitu 10, 13, 14, 15 dan 20 V dengan tujuan untuk memperoleh area permukaan yang lebih luas dengan waktu sintesis yang cepat, sehingga menghasilkan DSSC dengan efisiensi yang lebih tinggi.Berdasarkan waktu sintesis yang diamati, TiO2 nanotube dapat dihasilkan dalam waktu yang relatif cepat adalah yang diperoleh dari hasil sintesis pada potensial 15 V dan 20 V, yaitu kurang dari 3 jam. Dari hasil karakterisasi TiO2 nanotube serbuk yang diperoleh tersebut diketahui TiO2 hasil sintesis dengan teknik RBA pada potensial 15 V pada suhu kalsinasi 500oC memiliki area permukaan yang lebih luas, yaitu 69,723 m2/g dibandingkan dengan potensial 20 V pada suhu kalsinasi 500oC, yaitu 63,824 m2/g. TiO2 nanotube-serbuk tersebut kemudian diaplikasikan sebagai perangkat DSSC untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya pada konversi energi surya ke energi listrik. Pada aplikasinya sebagai DSSC, elektroda pendukung yang digunakan dibuat dari deposisi larutan 5 mM H2PtCl6 sebagai partikel Pt pada substrat kaca fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) yang memiliki hambatan < 11 Ω/cm2. TiO2/FTO pada sistem DSSC dikarakterisasi gdengan menggunakan FESEM, diperoleh ketebalan film TiO2 sekitar 1,6-1,7 μm dan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Sedangkan pengujian nilai efisiensinya diukur dengan metoda Linier Sweep Voltametry menggunakan potensiostat.Iluminasi pada bagian depan (Frontside Illumination) kemudian dibandingkan dengan iluminasi pada bagian belakang pada system DSSC (Backside Illumination). Nilai efisiensi tertinggi yang diperoleh adalah 2,63% dibawah sumber cahaya lampu halogen 150 watt pada kondisi Frontside Illumination. Nilai tersebut diperoleh dari DSSC berbasis TiO2 yang disintesis dengan potensial 15 V dengan menggunakan zat warna Alizarin Red S. Kondisi yang sama untuk untuk DSSC dengan TiO2 dari proses sintesis pada 20 V menghasilkan efisiensi hanya 0,006%.

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ABSTRACT
An increasing energy demand and environmental pollution concern, lead to a pressing need for a clean and sustainable energy solutions. TiO2 semiconductor material is expected to play an important role in helping solve the energy crisis through effective utilization of solar energy based on photovoltaic devices. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are potentially lower cost alternative to inorganic silicon-based photovoltaic cells. In this study, we report on the fabrication of DSSCs, which was constructed by TiO2 nanotubes powder, produced by rapid breakdown anodization (RBA) of Ti foil. The RBA was conducted in 0.15 M HClO4 electrolyte with variations voltage, namely 10, 13 14, 15 and 20 V to obtain better surface area in order to increase efficiency of DSSC in a quickly synthesize.Based on the observation during anodizing process, nanotube TiO2 powder can be obtained in rapid condition, less than 3 hours by anodization potential applied at 15 and 20 V. Characterization of morphology and surface area of these nanotube titania powder showed the best TiO2 nanotube was obtained by the RBA technique with applied potential 15 V, 69,723 m2/g, meanwhile for potential 20 V is 63,824 m2/g in the same calcination temperature. These Titania will be utilized as DSSC to compare its performance. The counter electrode was made by electrodeposition of Pt from an aqueous solution of 5 mM H2PtCl6 onto fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate. The TiO2/FTO were characterized by FESEM which is obtained thin film of TiO2 is around 1,6-1,7 μm and Spectrofotometer DRS UV-Vis, while efficiency was measured by Linier Sweep Voltametry method using potensiostat.The frontside of illuminated DSSCs were compared with the backside one. The highest cell efficiency was 2,63% under 150 W using halogen as light source at frontside illumination which is obtained from TiO2 which is synthesized on 15 V and using Alizarin Red S as sensitizer. That efficiency is higher than TiO2 on 20 V in the same condition (0,006%).;An increasing energy demand and environmental pollution concern, lead to a pressing need for a clean and sustainable energy solutions. TiO2 semiconductor material is expected to play an important role in helping solve the energy crisis through effective utilization of solar energy based on photovoltaic devices. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are potentially lower cost alternative to inorganic silicon-based photovoltaic cells. In this study, we report on the fabrication of DSSCs, which was constructed by TiO2 nanotubes powder, produced by rapid breakdown anodization (RBA) of Ti foil. The RBA was conducted in 0.15 M HClO4 electrolyte with variations voltage, namely 10, 13 14, 15 and 20 V to obtain better surface area in order to increase efficiency of DSSC in a quickly synthesize.Based on the observation during anodizing process, nanotube TiO2 powder can be obtained in rapid condition, less than 3 hours by anodization potential applied at 15 and 20 V. Characterization of morphology and surface area of these nanotube titania powder showed the best TiO2 nanotube was obtained by the RBA technique with applied potential 15 V, 69,723 m2/g, meanwhile for potential 20 V is 63,824 m2/g in the same calcination temperature. These Titania will be utilized as DSSC to compare its performance. The counter electrode was made by electrodeposition of Pt from an aqueous solution of 5 mM H2PtCl6 onto fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate. The TiO2/FTO were characterized by FESEM which is obtained thin film of TiO2 is around 1,6-1,7 μm and Spectrofotometer DRS UV-Vis, while efficiency was measured by Linier Sweep Voltametry method using potensiostat.The frontside of illuminated DSSCs were compared with the backside one. The highest cell efficiency was 2,63% under 150 W using halogen as light source at frontside illumination which is obtained from TiO2 which is synthesized on 15 V and using Alizarin Red S as sensitizer. That efficiency is higher than TiO2 on 20 V in the same condition (0,006%)., An increasing energy demand and environmental pollution concern, lead to a pressing need for a clean and sustainable energy solutions. TiO2 semiconductor material is expected to play an important role in helping solve the energy crisis through effective utilization of solar energy based on photovoltaic devices. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are potentially lower cost alternative to inorganic silicon-based photovoltaic cells. In this study, we report on the fabrication of DSSCs, which was constructed by TiO2 nanotubes powder, produced by rapid breakdown anodization (RBA) of Ti foil. The RBA was conducted in 0.15 M HClO4 electrolyte with variations voltage, namely 10, 13 14, 15 and 20 V to obtain better surface area in order to increase efficiency of DSSC in a quickly synthesize.Based on the observation during anodizing process, nanotube TiO2 powder can be obtained in rapid condition, less than 3 hours by anodization potential applied at 15 and 20 V. Characterization of morphology and surface area of these nanotube titania powder showed the best TiO2 nanotube was obtained by the RBA technique with applied potential 15 V, 69,723 m2/g, meanwhile for potential 20 V is 63,824 m2/g in the same calcination temperature. These Titania will be utilized as DSSC to compare its performance. The counter electrode was made by electrodeposition of Pt from an aqueous solution of 5 mM H2PtCl6 onto fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate. The TiO2/FTO were characterized by FESEM which is obtained thin film of TiO2 is around 1,6-1,7 μm and Spectrofotometer DRS UV-Vis, while efficiency was measured by Linier Sweep Voltametry method using potensiostat.The frontside of illuminated DSSCs were compared with the backside one. The highest cell efficiency was 2,63% under 150 W using halogen as light source at frontside illumination which is obtained from TiO2 which is synthesized on 15 V and using Alizarin Red S as sensitizer. That efficiency is higher than TiO2 on 20 V in the same condition (0,006%).]