Pneumonia menjadi salah satu penyebab kematian tertinggi yang terjadi pada pasien anak yang menjalani rawat inap di RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto dari tahun 2010 - 2012.Penelitian bertujuan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita di RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto. Jenis penelitian observasional menggunakan pendekatan kasus kontrol.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan antara karakteristik balita (umur, riwayat BBLR, jenis kelamin, status imunisasi campak, status pemberian vitamin A, status gizi balita, dan pemberian ASI eksklusif), karakteristik ibu (pendidikan, pekerjaan dan pengetahuan) serta kepadatan hunian dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita di RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto. Pendidikan ibu merupakan faktor risiko paling dominan berhubungan dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita (Exp ( ) = 4,509). Edukasi kepada orang tua yang disesuaikan dengan latar belakang pendidikan diperlukan sebagai upaya pencegahan pneumonia.

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Pneumonia has become one of the highest mortality contributors among paediatric patients who admitted to Inpatient Department in Margono Soekarjo Hospital Purwokerto (MSHP) from 2010 - 2012. There are several factors which influence the morbidity and mortality rate due to pneumonia in underfive children.

This study aimed to identified risk factors related to the prevalence of pneumonia in children underfive years old in Margono Soekarjo Hospital Purwokerto. This study was an observational study which used case control approah.

The results showed that there were association between underfive children characteristics (age, history of low birth weight, sex, measles immunization status, vitamin A supplementation record, nutritional status, and exclusive breastfeeding), mother characteristics (education, occupation, and knowledge) and overcrowding with the prevalence of pneumonia in MSHP. Among those variables, education was the most dominant risk factor associated with occurence of pnemonia (Exp (β) = 4,509).