[Latar Belakang: Dalam dekade terakhir terjadi peningkatan bakterimia Multi-DrugResistant (MDR) Gram negatif. Bakterimia MDR Gram negatif tidak hanyameningkatkan angka kematian, tetapi juga dapat dikaitkan dengan peningkatanmorbiditas pasien, lama perawatan dan biaya perawatan rumah sakit. Faktor-faktorrisiko terjadinya bakterimia MDR Gram negatif di ruang rawat inap pentinguntuk diketahui sehingga dapat dilakukan upaya pencegahan dan pengendalianterhadap faktor-faktor risiko tersebut dan menurunkan kejadian bakterimia MDRGram negatif pada pasien rawat inap.Tujuan: Mengetahui faktor-faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan terjadinyabakterimia MDR Gram negatif pada pasien rawat inapMetode: Faktor risiko diidentifikasi menggunakan studi kasus kontrol. Datadikumpulkan dari catatan rekam medis pasien rawat inap RSCM yang memilikikultur darah positif tumbuh bakteri patogen Gram negatif. Kelompok kasus adalahsubjek dengan bakterimia MDR Gram negatif, kelompok kontrol adalah subjekdengan bakterimia non-MDR Gram negatif. Kedua kelompok kasus dan kontroldiambil secara konsekutif dikarenakan kurangnya sampel. Analisis bivariat dilakukanpada variabel bebas yaitu riwayat antibiotik sebelumnya, pemberian antibiotikkombinasi, fokus infeksi, riwayat hospitalisasi, lama perawatan, Charlson index >2,pemberian kemoterapi, kortikosteroid, keganasan, kolonisasi, absolute neutrophilecount (ANC) <500, perawatan di ICU/HCU, prosedur medis invasif,hipoalbuminemia. Semua variabel yang mempunyai nilai p <0,25 pada analisisbivariat dimasukkan ke dalam analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik.Hasil: Selama periode penelitian didapatkan 131 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria, 42pasien dengan bakterimia MDR Gram negatif (kasus), dan 89 pasien denganbakterimia non-MDR Gram negatif (kontrol). Berdasarkan hasil analisis bivariatdidapatkan 2 variabel yang memiliki kemaknaan secara statistik yaitu riwayatICU/HCU (p= 0.003) dan riwayat ventilator (p=0.030). Pada analisa multivariat lebihlanjut terdapat satu varibel bermakna secara statistik, yaitu riwayat ICU/HCU (OR:3.118; IK 95% : 1.443 – 6.736; p=0,004),Simpulan: Riwayat ICU/HCU merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya bakterimia MDRGram negatif pada pasien rawat inap.

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Background: Over the past decade, the numbers of bloodstream infections caused by

multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria have risen sharply. MDR Gramnegative

bacteremia increases not only mortality, but may also be associated with

increased patient morbidity, length of treatment and hospitalization costs. It is

important to identify risk factors of MDR Gram-negative bacteremia among

hospitalized patients in order to prevent and to control these risk factors and thus to

lower the incidence of MDR Gram-negative infections among hospitalized patients.

Aim: To identify the risk factors associated with the occurrence of MDR Gramnegative

bacteremia among hospitalized patients

Method: Risk factors were identified by a case-control study. Data was collected from

inpatients medical record that had positive blood cultures of Gram negative bacterial

pathogens. Both case and control samples were collected consecutively due to lack of

samples available. The case group was subjects who had MDR Gram-negative

bacteremia, and the control group was subjects who had non-MDR Gram negative

bacteremia. Bivariate analysis was performed on several independent variables,

which were previous antibiotic history, antibiotic combination, source of infection,

history of hospitalization, duration of hospitalization, Charlson index> 2,

administration of chemotherapy, use of corticosteroid, malignancy, colonization,

ANC <500, history of treatment in ICU / HCU, invasive medical procedures and

hypoalbuminemia. All variables that had a value of p <0.25 on bivariate analysis

were included in multivariate analysis using logistic regression.

Result: During the study period, there were 131 patients fulfilled the criteria,

which consisted of 42 patients who had MDR Gram-negative pathogen bacteremia

(case) and 89 patients who had non-MDR Gram-negative pathogen bacteremia

patients (control group). Based on the bivariate analysis, there were two

variables statistically significance, which were history of treatment in ICU / HCU

(p=0.003) and history of ventilator (p=0.030). Further multivariate analysis showed

that there was one variable statistically significance, which was history of treatment

in ICU / HCU (OR: 3.118; CI 95% : 1.443 – 6.736; p=0,004).

Conclusion: History of treatment in ICU / HCU was risk factor of MDR Gram

negative bacteremia among hospitalized patients.;Background: Over the past decade, the numbers of bloodstream infections caused by

multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria have risen sharply. MDR Gramnegative

bacteremia increases not only mortality, but may also be associated with

increased patient morbidity, length of treatment and hospitalization costs. It is

important to identify risk factors of MDR Gram-negative bacteremia among

hospitalized patients in order to prevent and to control these risk factors and thus to

lower the incidence of MDR Gram-negative infections among hospitalized patients.

Aim: To identify the risk factors associated with the occurrence of MDR Gramnegative

bacteremia among hospitalized patients

Method: Risk factors were identified by a case-control study. Data was collected from

inpatients medical record that had positive blood cultures of Gram negative bacterial

pathogens. Both case and control samples were collected consecutively due to lack of

samples available. The case group was subjects who had MDR Gram-negative

bacteremia, and the control group was subjects who had non-MDR Gram negative

bacteremia. Bivariate analysis was performed on several independent variables,

which were previous antibiotic history, antibiotic combination, source of infection,

history of hospitalization, duration of hospitalization, Charlson index> 2,

administration of chemotherapy, use of corticosteroid, malignancy, colonization,

ANC <500, history of treatment in ICU / HCU, invasive medical procedures and

hypoalbuminemia. All variables that had a value of p <0.25 on bivariate analysis

were included in multivariate analysis using logistic regression.

Result: During the study period, there were 131 patients fulfilled the criteria,

which consisted of 42 patients who had MDR Gram-negative pathogen bacteremia

(case) and 89 patients who had non-MDR Gram-negative pathogen bacteremia

patients (control group). Based on the bivariate analysis, there were two

variables statistically significance, which were history of treatment in ICU / HCU

(p=0.003) and history of ventilator (p=0.030). Further multivariate analysis showed

that there was one variable statistically significance, which was history of treatment

in ICU / HCU (OR: 3.118; CI 95% : 1.443 – 6.736; p=0,004).

Conclusion: History of treatment in ICU / HCU was risk factor of MDR Gram

negative bacteremia among hospitalized patients., Background: Over the past decade, the numbers of bloodstream infections caused by

multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria have risen sharply. MDR Gramnegative

bacteremia increases not only mortality, but may also be associated with

increased patient morbidity, length of treatment and hospitalization costs. It is

important to identify risk factors of MDR Gram-negative bacteremia among

hospitalized patients in order to prevent and to control these risk factors and thus to

lower the incidence of MDR Gram-negative infections among hospitalized patients.

Aim: To identify the risk factors associated with the occurrence of MDR Gramnegative

bacteremia among hospitalized patients

Method: Risk factors were identified by a case-control study. Data was collected from

inpatients medical record that had positive blood cultures of Gram negative bacterial

pathogens. Both case and control samples were collected consecutively due to lack of

samples available. The case group was subjects who had MDR Gram-negative

bacteremia, and the control group was subjects who had non-MDR Gram negative

bacteremia. Bivariate analysis was performed on several independent variables,

which were previous antibiotic history, antibiotic combination, source of infection,

history of hospitalization, duration of hospitalization, Charlson index> 2,

administration of chemotherapy, use of corticosteroid, malignancy, colonization,

ANC <500, history of treatment in ICU / HCU, invasive medical procedures and

hypoalbuminemia. All variables that had a value of p <0.25 on bivariate analysis

were included in multivariate analysis using logistic regression.

Result: During the study period, there were 131 patients fulfilled the criteria,

which consisted of 42 patients who had MDR Gram-negative pathogen bacteremia

(case) and 89 patients who had non-MDR Gram-negative pathogen bacteremia

patients (control group). Based on the bivariate analysis, there were two

variables statistically significance, which were history of treatment in ICU / HCU

(p=0.003) and history of ventilator (p=0.030). Further multivariate analysis showed

that there was one variable statistically significance, which was history of treatment

in ICU / HCU (OR: 3.118; CI 95% : 1.443 – 6.736; p=0,004).

Conclusion: History of treatment in ICU / HCU was risk factor of MDR Gram

negative bacteremia among hospitalized patients.]