This chapter describes some advances in modern pattern classification techniques, and new classes of information systems dedicated for image analysis, interpretation and semantic classification. In this book we present some new solutions for the development of modern pattern recognition techniques for processing and analysis of several classes of visual patterns, as well as some theoretical foundations for modern pattern interpretation approaches. In particular this monograph presents selected areas of application of pattern recognition and classification approaches including handwriting recognition, medical image analysis and interpretation, development of cognitive systems for image computer understanding, moving object detection, advanced image filtration and intelligent multi-object labeling and classification.