This book focuses on the singular situation in Israel, whose complex multiculturalism has Hebrew and Arabic as official languages, English as an academic and political language, and tongues such as Russian and Amharic spoken by immigrants.Presenting research on bi- and trilingualism in Israel from a multitude of perspectives . The book focuses on four aspects of multilingualism and literacy in Israel, Arabic-Hebrew bilingual education and Arabic literacy development, second-language Hebrew literacy among immigrant children, literacy in English as a second and third language, and adult bilingualism. Chapters dissect findings on immigrant youth education, language impairment in bilinguals, and neurocognitive features of bilingual language processing. This book integrates linguistics, sociology, education, cognitive science, and neuroscience.