Pedikulosis kapitis merupakan penyakit yang banyak dijumpai pada orang yang hidup di lingkungan yang padat misalnya santri yang tinggal di pesantren. Agar dapat mencegah pedikulosis, santri perlu diberikan pengetahuan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui efek penyuluhan terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan santri mengenai penularan pedikulosis. Desain penelitian ini adalah pre-post study dan metode total sampling. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada Mei 2012 dengan memberikan kuesioner pada 181 santri yang terdiri atas 110 santri Madrasah Tsanawiyah dan 71 santri Madrasah Aliyah. Kuesioner berisi lima pertanyaan mengenai penularan pedikulosis kapitis yang diberi skor. Hasilnya menunjukkan sebelum penyuluhan jumlah santri yang memiliki tingkat pengetahuan baik 24 (13,3%) santri, tingkat pengetahuan sedang 71 (39,2%) santri, dan 86 (47,5%) santri memiliki tingkat pengetahuan kurang. Sesudah penyuluhan jumlah santri yang memiliki tingkat pengetahuan baik meningkat menjadi 87 (48,1%) santri, pengetahuan sedang 80 (44,2%) santri, dan 14 (7,7%) santri memiliki tingkat pengetahuan kurang. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada tingkat pengetahuan sebelum dan sesudah penyuluhan (uji marginal homogeneity, p<0,01). Disimpulkan penyuluhan memberikan efek dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan santri mengenai penularan pedikulosis.

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Pediculosis capitis often find in people who live in crowded environment such as boarding schools. In order to prevent pediculosis capitis, students should be given sufficient knowledge. The purpose of this study was to know the effects of health promotion in improving student’s knowledge about the transmission of pediculosis. This pre-post study with a total sampling method was held on May, 2012 by giving questionnaires to 181 students that consist of 110 junior high school students and 71 senior high school students in islamic boarding school. Questionnaire consists of five questions about transmission of pediculosis which were given score.

The results showed that before the health promotion, there were 24 (13.3%) student who had a good level of knowledge, 71 (39.2%) students had a fair level of knowledge, and 86 (47.5%) students had a poor level of knowledge. After the health promotion, the number of students who had a good level of knowledge increased to 87 (48.1%) students, fair level of knowledge were 80 (44.2 %) students, and 14 (7.7%) students had a poor level of knowledge. There were significant differences in the level of knowledge before and after health promotion (marginal homogeneity test, p<0.01). In conclusion, health promotion affects in improving student’s knowledge about the transmission of pediculosis.