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ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab pertanyaan tentang faktor-faktor yang
dapat menghambat perkembangan industri pengolahan kakao Indonesia.
Penelitian ini, khususnya, ditujukan untuk menganalisa perkembangan industri
pengolahan kakao di Indonesia setelah penerapan bea keluar terhadap ekspor biji
kakao (bahan baku bagi produk-produk olahan kakao); bagaimana respon dari
industri tersebut dan bagaimana distribusi harga diantara para pelaku dalam rantai
nilai kakao-coklat di Indonesia.
Pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif digunakan dalam analisa penelitian ini.
Analisa kualitatif digunakan untuk melihat secara deskriptif pola ekspor kakao
Indonesia, sebagai gambaran dari perkembangan industri pengolahan kakao
Indonesia. Selain itu, metode kualitatif juga digunakan untuk menganalisa rantai
nilai dari Kakao-Coklat di Indonesia. Analisa deskriptif juga dilakukan terhadap
trend harga biji kakao untuk melihat pembagian harga dan resiko antar pelaku
dalam rantai nilai kakao Indonesia akibat penerapan bea keluar ekspor biji kakao
dan perubahan harga dunia biji kakao. Analisa kuantitatif dilakukan untuk melihat
apakah penerapan bea keluar tersebut mempengaruhi perkembangan industri
pengolahan kakao Indonesia, melalui penawaran ekspor dari produk-produk
olahan kakao Indonesia.
Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa pasokan biji kakao yang tidak cukup untuk
pasar domestik, hambatan berupa bea masuk oleh negara-negara EU, dan
permasalahan transportasi adalah permasalahan utama yang dapat menghambat
perkembangan industri pengolahan kakao Indonesia. Dapat disimpulkan juga
bahwa penerapan bea keluar untuk ekspor biji kakao adalah regulasi yang sangat
efektif untuk menurunkan ketergantungan terhadap ekspor bahan baku pada
ekspor produk kakao Indonesia dan mendorong pengolahan domestik kakao
dengan peningkatan ekspor produk-produk olahan kakao. Selain itu, penerapan
bea keluar dan fluktuasi harga dunia untuk biji kakao dipandang menguntungkan
pemerintah dan industri pengolahan kakao, tapi menyebabkan kerugian bagi
eksporter biji kakao dan tidak berpengaruh terhadap petani. Namun, suatu
mekanisme penetapan harga yang lebih baik antara petani dan industri serta
efektifitas dari keberadaan asosiasi atau organisasi petani dapat menjadi solusi
untuk membuat petani memperoleh keuntungan dari penerapan bea keluar
tersebut
ABSTRACTThis paper aims to answer a question regarding factors that can hinder the
development of Indonesian cocoa processing industry. Specifically, the paper is
intended to analyze the development of cocoa processing industries in Indonesia
due to the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans (raw material for cocoa
processing products); how they respond and how the price distribution among
stakeholders.
Qualitative and quantitative methods are applied in the analysis of this paper. The
qualitative analysis is used to see descriptively the pattern of the Indonesian cocoa
exports, as the picture of the development of Indonesian cocoa processing
industry, and analyze the Indonesian cocoa-chocolate value chain, specifically the
processing of cocoa in domestic market. Descriptive analysis is also done for the
trend of cocoa beans price to see the share of price and risk between stakeholders
in Indonesian cocoa value chain due to the imposition of export tax on cocoa
beans and the changes in the world price of cocoa beans. Quantitative analysis is
done to see whether the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans affects the
development of Indonesian cocoa processing industries, through export supply of
the Indonesian cocoa products.
Result of the analysis shows that insufficient supply of cocoa beans for domestic
market, barriers in the form of import duty by the EU countries, and transportation
problems are the major problems that could hinder the development of Indonesian
cocoa processing industry. The analysis also concludes that the introduction of
export tax on cocoa beans is an effective regulation to decrease the dependence on
the export of raw material of cocoa exports and encourage the domestic
processing of cocoa beans by increase the export of cocoa processing products. In
addition, the imposition of the tax and fluctuation on the world price of cocoa
beans is evaluated to be benefited for the government and the processors, but
causes loss on the exporters of cocoa beans and gives no effect to the farmers.
However, a better price mechanism between the farmers and the processors and
the presence of an effective farmer?s association or organization could be a
solution to make the farmers gain benefit of the export tax imposition.;This paper aims to answer a question regarding factors that can hinder the
development of Indonesian cocoa processing industry. Specifically, the paper is
intended to analyze the development of cocoa processing industries in Indonesia
due to the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans (raw material for cocoa
processing products); how they respond and how the price distribution among
stakeholders.
Qualitative and quantitative methods are applied in the analysis of this paper. The
qualitative analysis is used to see descriptively the pattern of the Indonesian cocoa
exports, as the picture of the development of Indonesian cocoa processing
industry, and analyze the Indonesian cocoa-chocolate value chain, specifically the
processing of cocoa in domestic market. Descriptive analysis is also done for the
trend of cocoa beans price to see the share of price and risk between stakeholders
in Indonesian cocoa value chain due to the imposition of export tax on cocoa
beans and the changes in the world price of cocoa beans. Quantitative analysis is
done to see whether the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans affects the
development of Indonesian cocoa processing industries, through export supply of
the Indonesian cocoa products.
Result of the analysis shows that insufficient supply of cocoa beans for domestic
market, barriers in the form of import duty by the EU countries, and transportation
problems are the major problems that could hinder the development of Indonesian
cocoa processing industry. The analysis also concludes that the introduction of
export tax on cocoa beans is an effective regulation to decrease the dependence on
the export of raw material of cocoa exports and encourage the domestic
processing of cocoa beans by increase the export of cocoa processing products. In
addition, the imposition of the tax and fluctuation on the world price of cocoa
beans is evaluated to be benefited for the government and the processors, but
causes loss on the exporters of cocoa beans and gives no effect to the farmers.
However, a better price mechanism between the farmers and the processors and
the presence of an effective farmer?s association or organization could be a
solution to make the farmers gain benefit of the export tax imposition;This paper aims to answer a question regarding factors that can hinder the
development of Indonesian cocoa processing industry. Specifically, the paper is
intended to analyze the development of cocoa processing industries in Indonesia
due to the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans (raw material for cocoa
processing products); how they respond and how the price distribution among
stakeholders.
Qualitative and quantitative methods are applied in the analysis of this paper. The
qualitative analysis is used to see descriptively the pattern of the Indonesian cocoa
exports, as the picture of the development of Indonesian cocoa processing
industry, and analyze the Indonesian cocoa-chocolate value chain, specifically the
processing of cocoa in domestic market. Descriptive analysis is also done for the
trend of cocoa beans price to see the share of price and risk between stakeholders
in Indonesian cocoa value chain due to the imposition of export tax on cocoa
beans and the changes in the world price of cocoa beans. Quantitative analysis is
done to see whether the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans affects the
development of Indonesian cocoa processing industries, through export supply of
the Indonesian cocoa products.
Result of the analysis shows that insufficient supply of cocoa beans for domestic
market, barriers in the form of import duty by the EU countries, and transportation
problems are the major problems that could hinder the development of Indonesian
cocoa processing industry. The analysis also concludes that the introduction of
export tax on cocoa beans is an effective regulation to decrease the dependence on
the export of raw material of cocoa exports and encourage the domestic
processing of cocoa beans by increase the export of cocoa processing products. In
addition, the imposition of the tax and fluctuation on the world price of cocoa
beans is evaluated to be benefited for the government and the processors, but
causes loss on the exporters of cocoa beans and gives no effect to the farmers.
However, a better price mechanism between the farmers and the processors and
the presence of an effective farmer?s association or organization could be a
solution to make the farmers gain benefit of the export tax imposition;This paper aims to answer a question regarding factors that can hinder the
development of Indonesian cocoa processing industry. Specifically, the paper is
intended to analyze the development of cocoa processing industries in Indonesia
due to the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans (raw material for cocoa
processing products); how they respond and how the price distribution among
stakeholders.
Qualitative and quantitative methods are applied in the analysis of this paper. The
qualitative analysis is used to see descriptively the pattern of the Indonesian cocoa
exports, as the picture of the development of Indonesian cocoa processing
industry, and analyze the Indonesian cocoa-chocolate value chain, specifically the
processing of cocoa in domestic market. Descriptive analysis is also done for the
trend of cocoa beans price to see the share of price and risk between stakeholders
in Indonesian cocoa value chain due to the imposition of export tax on cocoa
beans and the changes in the world price of cocoa beans. Quantitative analysis is
done to see whether the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans affects the
development of Indonesian cocoa processing industries, through export supply of
the Indonesian cocoa products.
Result of the analysis shows that insufficient supply of cocoa beans for domestic
market, barriers in the form of import duty by the EU countries, and transportation
problems are the major problems that could hinder the development of Indonesian
cocoa processing industry. The analysis also concludes that the introduction of
export tax on cocoa beans is an effective regulation to decrease the dependence on
the export of raw material of cocoa exports and encourage the domestic
processing of cocoa beans by increase the export of cocoa processing products. In
addition, the imposition of the tax and fluctuation on the world price of cocoa
beans is evaluated to be benefited for the government and the processors, but
causes loss on the exporters of cocoa beans and gives no effect to the farmers.
However, a better price mechanism between the farmers and the processors and
the presence of an effective farmer’s association or organization could be a
solution to make the farmers gain benefit of the export tax imposition, This paper aims to answer a question regarding factors that can hinder the
development of Indonesian cocoa processing industry. Specifically, the paper is
intended to analyze the development of cocoa processing industries in Indonesia
due to the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans (raw material for cocoa
processing products); how they respond and how the price distribution among
stakeholders.
Qualitative and quantitative methods are applied in the analysis of this paper. The
qualitative analysis is used to see descriptively the pattern of the Indonesian cocoa
exports, as the picture of the development of Indonesian cocoa processing
industry, and analyze the Indonesian cocoa-chocolate value chain, specifically the
processing of cocoa in domestic market. Descriptive analysis is also done for the
trend of cocoa beans price to see the share of price and risk between stakeholders
in Indonesian cocoa value chain due to the imposition of export tax on cocoa
beans and the changes in the world price of cocoa beans. Quantitative analysis is
done to see whether the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans affects the
development of Indonesian cocoa processing industries, through export supply of
the Indonesian cocoa products.
Result of the analysis shows that insufficient supply of cocoa beans for domestic
market, barriers in the form of import duty by the EU countries, and transportation
problems are the major problems that could hinder the development of Indonesian
cocoa processing industry. The analysis also concludes that the introduction of
export tax on cocoa beans is an effective regulation to decrease the dependence on
the export of raw material of cocoa exports and encourage the domestic
processing of cocoa beans by increase the export of cocoa processing products. In
addition, the imposition of the tax and fluctuation on the world price of cocoa
beans is evaluated to be benefited for the government and the processors, but
causes loss on the exporters of cocoa beans and gives no effect to the farmers.
However, a better price mechanism between the farmers and the processors and
the presence of an effective farmer’s association or organization could be a
solution to make the farmers gain benefit of the export tax imposition]
T43658-Dian Hikmahtullah.pdf :: Unduh