Banyak pandangan yang mengatakan bahwa perdagangan intra industri hanya terjadi antar sesama Negara maju. Walaupun demikian, tesis ini menunjukkan bahwa perdagangan intra industri juga terjadi antara Negara maju dan Negara berkembang, pun antar sesama Negara berkembang. Selain itu, tesis ini juga menunjukkan faktor yang berpengaruh dalam perdagangan intra industri, terutama faktor foreign direct investment (FDI). Data yang digunakan oleh penulis dalam penelitian ini adalah data perdagangan dua digit dalam nomenklatur ISIC untuk periode 1991-2012 antara Indonesia-kelompok Negara OECD dan Indonesiakelompok Negara non OECD. Data perdagangan tersebut kemudian dikalkulasi sehingga diperoleh nilai share dari perdagangan intra industri antara dua pihak tersebut diatas yang dinyatakan dalam indeks Grubel-Lloyd. Selanjutnya, dengan menggunakan tehnik regresi data panel, diketahui bahwa FDI dan trade openness mempengaruhi perdagangan intra industri antar Negara tersebut diatas. Namun, perbedaan nilai PDB dan trade balance memiliki pengaruh yang berbeda dalam perdagangan intra industri antara Indonesia-kelompok Negara OECD dan Indonesia-kelompok Negara Non-OECD.

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Although there is a view that saying intra industry trade only occurs among the developed countries, this research paper has showed that intra industry trade pattern also arises between developed and developing countries, also between developing and developing countries. By using the trade data in two digit level of ISIC nomenclature at six manufacture sectors during 1991-2012, the share of intra industry pattern can be calculated and presented in GL index. Overall, the GL index of Indonesia-OECD countries’ trade indicated a higher level compared with the GL index of Indonesia-non OECD countries’ trade. To be more specific, the GL index of Indonesia-OECD countries was increasing overtime at capital-intensive sectors whereas the GL index of Indonesia-non OECD countries was rising at labor-intensive sectors. The driving factors that influencing the shares of intra industry trade within these countries were varied. Among the FDI, GDP differences, trade balance and openness variables, the significant variables that were affecting the GL index either in the trade with OECD or non OECD countries were FDI at time t-1 and openness. The other two variables were having different significances in affecting the GL Index.