This book is about cellulolytic enzyme production and enzymatic hydrolysis for second-generation bioethanol production, bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass, biodiesel from conventional feedstocks, establishing oleaginous microalgae research models for consolidated bioprocessing of solar energy, higher alcohols, advances in biogas technology, biohydrogen production from anaerobic fermentation, microbial fuel cells in power generation and extended applications, and fuels and chemicals from hemicellulose sugars.