The existence of the outermost small islands plays a vital role to maintain the sovereignty of the country as well as benchmarking measurement of archipelagic baseline points. 19 small outer islands in Riau Province may act as safety valve which borders Malaysia, Singapore, and Vietnam. Islands located on the shores of the Strait of Malacca and Singapore, the second busiest shipping lanes and trade in the world. This paper aims at analysing the potential and challenges of the outermost small islands in Riau Islands Province, where their presence is running from west to the north east province of Riau Islands. The uninhabited islands are so vulnerable to illegal activities.