The paper examines fertility differentials between the rural and urban areas of the former Bendel State. Studies in the 1960s show no discernible pattern of rural-urban fertility differentials in Africa Nigeria inclusive. Although some studies have recorded urban fertility being actually higher than the rural, others have shown the contrary with the rural areas having higher fertility level. There is therefore, the need for a clarification of the controversy. The present paper aims at filling this gap by establishing if fertility differentials between both communities are myth or reality in Bendel State.