This paper discusses the use of integrated land surveys and agroecosystems analysis for defining agroecosystems in upland areas of East Java. An integrated land survey is useful for indentifying the physical characteristics of an environment, while agroecosystems analysis provides an understanding of the role humans play in this environment. Integrated land surveys and agroecosystem analysis ask key questions about factors affecting the production, stability and sustainability of agricultural systems. These questions define research priorities for increasing agricultural production while maintaining environmental stability.