This study is an attempt to investigate the general level of fertility in Kafanchan, a town in Kaduna State of Nigeria. The main concern is to examine the individual and group behavior of the population with specific reference to the prevailing fertility rates. The paper examines some of socio-cultural factors that relate to fertility history, attitude related to fertility and knowledge and use of contraception. On the average, fertility in this community is high. Fertility is high while the mortality is low. However, as a measure towards demographic readjustment, a further reduction in the level of mortality may lead to decline in fertility. Some future planning implications of the existing fertility levels are discussed in the light of the current population policy and development planning in the country.