[ABSTRAK
Kami membandingkan distribusi kredit perbankan antara berbagai jenisbank di Indonesia pada seluruh provinsi dan seluruh sektor ekonomi. Kamimenunjukkan bahwa bank bertindak berbeda-beda dalam mengeluarkan kredituntuk berbagai provinsi dan sektor ekonomi yang ada. Bank-bank tampaknyamengkhususkan diri mereka dalam beberapa jenis kredit (sektor) tertentu.Beberapa bank tampaknya juga lebih aktif di beberapa provinsi tertentu. Dengandemikian, tampaknya ada pola spasial penyaluran kredit oleh berbagai jenis bankdi Indonesia. Kami membahas kemudian apa yang menentukan pola spasial daripenyaluran kredit oleh berbagai jenis bank di Indonesia tersebut dan apaimplikasinya terhadap pembangunan daerah.Kami menemukan dalam perbandingan intra dan antar provinsi bahwaprovinsi-provinsi tampaknya tidak menerima proporsi yang sama atas total kreditperbankan dari kelompok bank tertentu. Cara bank menjalankan bisnis yangterkait dengan motif keuntungan mereka, strategi bisnis, keberadaan pelangganpotensial, dan persaingan menentukan provinsi mana yang menjadi fokus kegiatankredit bank-bank tersebut dan dengan demikian menerima dukungan kredit yanglebih baik. Namun demikian, kelompok bank pemerintah dan bank pembangunandaerah terbukti, berdasarkan data, sebagai kontributor kredit utama untuk semuaprovinsi.Sementara itu, walaupun perbandingan intra dan antar sektor menunjukkanbahwa kredit perbankan memiliki kecenderungan untuk didistribusikan ke sektorsektoryang tampaknya memiliki tingkat pendapatan per pekerja yang lebih tinggi,bank-bank ternyata memiliki preferensi mereka tersendiri tenrhadap sektor-sektorekonomi yang mereka pilih sebagai target utama. Cara bisnis, persaingan, danmisi khusus yang dibawa oleh bank-bank tersebut tampaknya berperan dalammenentukan hal ini. Namun demikian, sektor yang mungkin menjadi sektorpotensial-penyedia-lapangan-pekerjaan (memiliki tingkat intensitas penggunaantenaga kerja yang cukup tinggi dan memiliki tingkat potensi pendidikan pekerjayang juga cukup memadai untuk menjamin efek daya saing dan penciptaanlapangan kerja) tampaknya tidak menerima jumlah dukungan kredit yang cukup.Kemudian kami membahas bahwa sebagai akibat dari pola spasialpenyaluran kredit oleh berbagai jenis bank, pemerataan industrialisasi dapatterhambat karena dukungan keuangan yang tidak merata antar wilayah.Konsentrasi kredit ke sektor-sektor tertentu juga dapat menghambat pembangunansektor lain yang mungkin mungkin memiliki efek yang lebih langsung terhadappembangunan daerah seperti sektor-potensial-penyedia-lapangan-pekerjaan.Terakhir, kami telah menyimpulkan bahwa kelompok bank pemerintah danbank pembangunan daerah serta juga kelompok BPR adalah kelompok bank yangpenting bagi proses pembangunan. Kegiatan kredit mereka cenderung lebihkonsisten dengan pengurangan kemiskinan. Namun, kami mengakui juga bahwa dukungan kredit perbankan, walaupun penting, bukan merupakan hal satusatunyayang diperlukan. Dukungan dalam bentuk lain seperti halnya dukunganpendidikan bagi pekerja, pemerataan sektor-sektor yang potensial berkembang,dan insentif lainnya untuk sektor-sektor ekonomi memiliki tingkat kepentinganyang sama.

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ABSTRACT
We compare distribution of banking credit in Indonesia among types ofbanks across provinces and across economic sectors. We show that banks actdifferently in issuing credit to different provinces and to different sectors. Banksseem to be specialized in different types of credit (sectors). Also, different banksseem to be more active in different provinces. Thus, there seems to be spatialpatterns of credit distribution by different types of banks in Indonesia. We discuss,then, what determines this spatial pattern of credit distribution by different typesof banks in Indonesia and what implication it has on regional development.We found in intra and inter provinces comparison that provinces do notseem to receive the same proportion of total banking credit from a particulargroup of bank. Business way in term of profit motive, business strategies,existence of potential customers, and competition determine which provincesbecome focus of bank?s credit activities and thus receive better credit support.However, group of state owned and regional bank is found as main creditcontributor for all provinces.Meanwhile our intra and inter sector comparison shows that althoughbanking credit has tendency to be distributed toward sectors which are more likelyto have high per worker income, banks have also their own preference in sectorsthey choose as main target. Business way, competition, and specific missioncarried by banks seem to determine this. However, sectors that might becomeemployment-potential sectors (have sufficient level of labor intensity and potentiallevel of worker education to guarantee their competitiveness and job creationeffect) seem not to receive sufficient amount of credit support.We discuss then, that, as a result of spatial patterns of credit distribution bydifferent types of banks, equal distribution of industrialization may be hampereddue unequal financial support. Credit concentration to specific sectors may alsoprohibit development of other sectors that may probably have more direct effecton regional development such as employment-potential sectors.Lastly, we have concluded that state owned and regional bank group andalso rural bank group are groups of bank which are important for developmentprocess. Their credit activities are more likely consistent with poverty reduction.However, we acknowledge also that banking credit support, though necessary maynot sufficient. Other supports in term of education support for worker, distributionof growing potential sectors, and other incentives for economic sectors have alsothe same level of importance, We compare distribution of banking credit in Indonesia among types ofbanks across provinces and across economic sectors. We show that banks actdifferently in issuing credit to different provinces and to different sectors. Banksseem to be specialized in different types of credit (sectors). Also, different banksseem to be more active in different provinces. Thus, there seems to be spatialpatterns of credit distribution by different types of banks in Indonesia. We discuss,then, what determines this spatial pattern of credit distribution by different typesof banks in Indonesia and what implication it has on regional development.We found in intra and inter provinces comparison that provinces do notseem to receive the same proportion of total banking credit from a particulargroup of bank. Business way in term of profit motive, business strategies,existence of potential customers, and competition determine which provincesbecome focus of bank’s credit activities and thus receive better credit support.However, group of state owned and regional bank is found as main creditcontributor for all provinces.Meanwhile our intra and inter sector comparison shows that althoughbanking credit has tendency to be distributed toward sectors which are more likelyto have high per worker income, banks have also their own preference in sectorsthey choose as main target. Business way, competition, and specific missioncarried by banks seem to determine this. However, sectors that might becomeemployment-potential sectors (have sufficient level of labor intensity and potentiallevel of worker education to guarantee their competitiveness and job creationeffect) seem not to receive sufficient amount of credit support.We discuss then, that, as a result of spatial patterns of credit distribution bydifferent types of banks, equal distribution of industrialization may be hampereddue unequal financial support. Credit concentration to specific sectors may alsoprohibit development of other sectors that may probably have more direct effecton regional development such as employment-potential sectors.Lastly, we have concluded that state owned and regional bank group andalso rural bank group are groups of bank which are important for developmentprocess. Their credit activities are more likely consistent with poverty reduction.However, we acknowledge also that banking credit support, though necessary maynot sufficient. Other supports in term of education support for worker, distributionof growing potential sectors, and other incentives for economic sectors have alsothe same level of importance]