Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan kinerja ekspor, serta mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja ekspor produk berbasis teknologi tinggi (PTT) Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan yakni analisis kuantitatif deskriptif dan estimasi ekonometrika data panel. Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan selama periode 1994-2013 nilai ekspor riil PTT cenderung naik. Namun kenaikan tersebut lebih rendah dibandingkan nilai impornya, sehingga menyebabkan defisit perdagangan. Hal tersebut juga dapat diartikan bahwa ketergantungan Indonesia terhadap PTT semakin tinggi. Hasil analisis ekonometrika menunjukkan bahwa angkatan kerja berpendidikan tinggi bersifat elastis terhadap nilai ekspor PTT. Selain itu, ekspor PTT juga dipengaruhi oleh pendapatan perkapita (PDB/kapita) negara tujuan ekspor, nilai tukar riil, anggaran penelitian dan pengembangan (Litbang) pemerintah dalam APBN, penanaman modal asing (PMA), serta perekonomian global. Data Kementerian Keuangan menunjukkan bahwa komposisi anggaran Litbang dalam APBN belum fokus diarahkan pada sektor perekonomian. Sedang berdasarkan data Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal, PMA yang masuk pada industri PTT masih sangat kecil.

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This study aims to determine the development of export performance, identify and analyze the factors that affect exports performance of high technology-based products (HTX) in Indonesia. This study used quantitative descriptive methods and econometric of panel data. Descriptive analysis showed that during the period 1994-2013, real value HTX tend to rise. But the increase is lower than the value of imports. This resulted in a trade deficit. It can also mean that Indonesia's dependence on high technology-based products is increasing.

Econometric analysis results showed that highly educated labor force is elastic to the HTX value. In addition, HTX is also influenced by income per capita (GDP/capita) of export destination countries, the real exchange rate, budget of research and development (R&D) government in the state budget, foreign direct investment (FDI), as well as the global economy. Data from the Ministry of Finance show that the composition of the R&D budget has not been focused directly at economic sectors. Based on data from the Investment Coordinating Board, FDI incoming to high technology-based products industry is still very small.