[ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini berangkat dari banyaknya konflik yang terjadi pada pengelolaan tamannasional. Manfaat taman nasional dalam menjalankan fungsinya sebagai kawasan konservasiadalah dapat dinikmati oleh semua orang, sehingga termasuk dalam kriteria pemanfaatan publicgoods. Namun, pada sisi lain dalam areal taman nasional juga memiliki potensi sumber daya alamlain yang bersifat komersil, seperti tambang, sumber air, pariwisata, dll., sehingga menarik minatpihak lain untuk memanfaatkannya maka terjadilah kompetisi; barang dengan kriteria initermasuk common pool resources. Jadi berdasarkan hal tersebut maka taman nasional memilikikriteria pemanfaatan ganda. Kriteria semacam ini, memicu terjadinya konflik.Wilayah kajian untuk penelitian ini adalah Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak(TNGHS), yang merupakan salah satu taman nasional di Indonesia yang menuai konflikpengelolaan paling banyak. Hal ini karena TNGHS terletak pada wilayah strategis yang melintasi2 propinsi (Jawa Barat dan Banten) serta 3 kabupaten (Bogor, Sukabumi dan Lebak), disampingitu banyaknya potensi sumber daya alam yang dimilikinya (emas, geothermal, sumber air, danwisata alam). Masalah pokok yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana penerapaninteractive governance untuk menciptakan pengelolaan sumber daya alam yang berkelanjutan diTNGHS; serta bagaimana pengelolaan yang berkelanjutan dilakukan oleh pihak-pihak yangterlibat pengelolaan di TNGHS.Kerangka teori yang digunakan adalah teori interactive governance (Kooiman, 2008)yang diintegrasikan dengan konsep sustainability (Bossel, 1999) dalam pengelolaan sebuahtaman nasional untuk mewujudkan pengelolaan berkelanjutan (sustainable governance) dalambentuk ?governance of governance?(Pieters, G.B., et.al, 2012). Pendekatan penelitian inidilakukan melalui aplikasi action research berbasis Soft System Methodology (Checkland danScholes, 1990) dengan model siklus ganda (McKay dan Marshal, 2001).Hasil dari penelitian ini secara teoritis menyebutkan bahwa sistem dan struktur daripenerapan aktivitas interactive governance di area taman nasional mengarah pada governability,dimana stakeholder sebagai aktor strategis dengan kepentingan beragam mempunyai tujuandalam mengurangi konflik dalam bentuk networks, partnership dan bentuk interaksi negosiasilainnya. Aktivitas interactive governance-nya sendiri mengalir dalam siklus konsepsustainability sehingga menghasilkan pengelolaan berkelanjutan (sustainable governance) diTNGHS dengan beberapa persyaratan fundamentalis yaitu : sistem eko-governmetalis padamanajemen kawasan, struktur komunitas regulatoris pada manajemen kelembagaan, danpengelolaan demokratis rasional pada manajemen sumber daya alam. Sistem ini diturunkan dalambeberapa aktivitas operasional yang dalam implementasinya menuntut beberapa perubahan yangmenyangkut mekanisme dan regulasi yang tertuang dalam peraturan perundang-undangan,struktur kelembagaan, termasuk perubahan metode, strategi dan teknik partisipatif para pihakyang terkait. Perubahan ini akan memberikan suatu cara untuk memfasilitasi, mengatur dansecara langsung meningkatkan kemampuan self-regulasi dari pihak pengelola dengan para pihaklainnya Perubahan ini diikuti dengan dengan kerjasama para pihak yang dilakukan dalamkonteks partnership berbentuk kolaborasi dan kemitraan, dan hubungannya dilakukan dalamkonteks networks governance berupa koordinasi, adaptasi dan pengendalian.;

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ABSTRACT
The background of this study is some conflicts that occur in the management of nationalpark. Benefits of a national park and its function as one of conservation area that can be enjoyedby the society. This charachteristics of the national park, it can be called as public goods.However, a large about at natural resources that exists in the national park especially commercialnatural resources, such as mining, water resources, tourism, etc., Many stakeholders attract toutilitize the resources in such a way that leads them into a competition. The later charachteristicssets the national parks as common pool resources. Based on these two features, the national parkhave a dual utilization charachteristics. Such atribute triggers some conflicts in its management.The object of this study is the Gunung Halimun Salak National Park (GHSNP), one of thenational parks in Indonesia which has the most conflict in its management. It is because GHSNPlocated in a strategic area across two provinces (West Java and Banten) and three districts (Bogor,Sukabumi and Lebak). In addition, high amount of the potential of its natural resources (gold,geothermal, water resources and nature) is the other reason that drive conflicts in GHNSP. Theprincipal issues raised in this research is how the interactive governance is to create sustainableresources in GHSNP; and how the sustainable management is applied by stakeholders in themanagement of GHSNP.The theoretical framework used in this study is interactive governance theory (Kooiman,2008) which is integrated with the concept of sustainability (Bossel, 1999) in the management ofa national park to achieve sustainable governance in the form of "governance of governance"(Pieters, GB, et. al, 2012). The approach conducted in this research is action research applicationsbased on the Soft System Methodology (Checkland and Scholes, 1990) with a dual imperativesmodel (McKay and Marshall, 2001).The results of this research as theoretically that the implementation of the interactivegovernance activities at the national park area is the systems and structures of leads togovernability. There are many stakeholders as strategic actors with diverse interests have a goalto reducing conflict by networks, partnerships and the other forms of interaction negotiation. Theinteractive governance activities flow in a cycle sustainable concept, so it?s producessustainability governance at TNGHS. There are some fundamentalist requirements : the ecogovernmetalissystem on area management, community and regulatory structure in institutionalmanagement, and the rational democratic management in the natural resources management.Interactive governance derived in several operational activities, in which its implementationrequires some changes regarding to the mechanism and regulation that is formed in theregulation, institutional structure, including changes in methods, strategies and participatorytechniques of stakeholders. This change will provide a way to facilitate, regulate and enhance theability of self-regulation of the manager. This changes was followed by the cooperation of thestakeholders in the partnership context formed in collaboration and partnership, also the relationin the context of networks governance in the form of coordination, adaptability and control.;The background of this study is some conflicts that occur in the management of nationalpark. Benefits of a national park and its function as one of conservation area that can be enjoyedby the society. This charachteristics of the national park, it can be called as public goods.However, a large about at natural resources that exists in the national park especially commercialnatural resources, such as mining, water resources, tourism, etc., Many stakeholders attract toutilitize the resources in such a way that leads them into a competition. The later charachteristicssets the national parks as common pool resources. Based on these two features, the national parkhave a dual utilization charachteristics. Such atribute triggers some conflicts in its management.The object of this study is the Gunung Halimun Salak National Park (GHSNP), one of thenational parks in Indonesia which has the most conflict in its management. It is because GHSNPlocated in a strategic area across two provinces (West Java and Banten) and three districts (Bogor,Sukabumi and Lebak). In addition, high amount of the potential of its natural resources (gold,geothermal, water resources and nature) is the other reason that drive conflicts in GHNSP. Theprincipal issues raised in this research is how the interactive governance is to create sustainableresources in GHSNP; and how the sustainable management is applied by stakeholders in themanagement of GHSNP.The theoretical framework used in this study is interactive governance theory (Kooiman,2008) which is integrated with the concept of sustainability (Bossel, 1999) in the management ofa national park to achieve sustainable governance in the form of "governance of governance"(Pieters, GB, et. al, 2012). The approach conducted in this research is action research applicationsbased on the Soft System Methodology (Checkland and Scholes, 1990) with a dual imperativesmodel (McKay and Marshall, 2001).The results of this research as theoretically that the implementation of the interactivegovernance activities at the national park area is the systems and structures of leads togovernability. There are many stakeholders as strategic actors with diverse interests have a goalto reducing conflict by networks, partnerships and the other forms of interaction negotiation. Theinteractive governance activities flow in a cycle sustainable concept, so it?s producessustainability governance at TNGHS. There are some fundamentalist requirements : the ecogovernmetalissystem on area management, community and regulatory structure in institutionalmanagement, and the rational democratic management in the natural resources management.Interactive governance derived in several operational activities, in which its implementationrequires some changes regarding to the mechanism and regulation that is formed in theregulation, institutional structure, including changes in methods, strategies and participatorytechniques of stakeholders. This change will provide a way to facilitate, regulate and enhance theability of self-regulation of the manager. This changes was followed by the cooperation of thestakeholders in the partnership context formed in collaboration and partnership, also the relationin the context of networks governance in the form of coordination, adaptability and control., The background of this study is some conflicts that occur in the management of nationalpark. Benefits of a national park and its function as one of conservation area that can be enjoyedby the society. This charachteristics of the national park, it can be called as public goods.However, a large about at natural resources that exists in the national park especially commercialnatural resources, such as mining, water resources, tourism, etc., Many stakeholders attract toutilitize the resources in such a way that leads them into a competition. The later charachteristicssets the national parks as common pool resources. Based on these two features, the national parkhave a dual utilization charachteristics. Such atribute triggers some conflicts in its management.The object of this study is the Gunung Halimun Salak National Park (GHSNP), one of thenational parks in Indonesia which has the most conflict in its management. It is because GHSNPlocated in a strategic area across two provinces (West Java and Banten) and three districts (Bogor,Sukabumi and Lebak). In addition, high amount of the potential of its natural resources (gold,geothermal, water resources and nature) is the other reason that drive conflicts in GHNSP. Theprincipal issues raised in this research is how the interactive governance is to create sustainableresources in GHSNP; and how the sustainable management is applied by stakeholders in themanagement of GHSNP.The theoretical framework used in this study is interactive governance theory (Kooiman,2008) which is integrated with the concept of sustainability (Bossel, 1999) in the management ofa national park to achieve sustainable governance in the form of "governance of governance"(Pieters, GB, et. al, 2012). The approach conducted in this research is action research applicationsbased on the Soft System Methodology (Checkland and Scholes, 1990) with a dual imperativesmodel (McKay and Marshall, 2001).The results of this research as theoretically that the implementation of the interactivegovernance activities at the national park area is the systems and structures of leads togovernability. There are many stakeholders as strategic actors with diverse interests have a goalto reducing conflict by networks, partnerships and the other forms of interaction negotiation. Theinteractive governance activities flow in a cycle sustainable concept, so it’s producessustainability governance at TNGHS. There are some fundamentalist requirements : the ecogovernmetalissystem on area management, community and regulatory structure in institutionalmanagement, and the rational democratic management in the natural resources management.Interactive governance derived in several operational activities, in which its implementationrequires some changes regarding to the mechanism and regulation that is formed in theregulation, institutional structure, including changes in methods, strategies and participatorytechniques of stakeholders. This change will provide a way to facilitate, regulate and enhance theability of self-regulation of the manager. This changes was followed by the cooperation of thestakeholders in the partnership context formed in collaboration and partnership, also the relationin the context of networks governance in the form of coordination, adaptability and control.]