[ABSTRAK
Setelah pemerintahan Orde Baru tumbang pemberitaan mengenai otonomi daerah mekarbermunculan, media massa yang pada zaman Orde Baru jarang memberitakan mengenai isuotonomi daerah berubah haluan menjadi gadrung memberitakan isu otonomi daerah, berbagaiberita bermunculan ada yang positif dan ada yang negatif, bermacam pertarungan wacanamewarnai isu otonomi daerah di media massa.Penelitian ini bermula dari rasa ingin tahu yang mendalam mengenai berbagai beritatentang isu otonomi daerah yang muncul di media massa dan bagaimana media massamelakukan konstruksi realitas terhadap isu otonomi daerah , selama ini penelitian mengenai isuotonomi daerah banyak dilakukan oleh para ilmuwan yang berlatar belakang ilmu politik, ilmupemerintahan, ilmu administrasi negara, dan ilmu hukum, penelitian yang dilakukan oleh parailmuwan di atas lebih banyak bicara mengenai penerapan kebijakan otonomi daerah. Penelitianmengenai isu otonomi daerah menggunakan perspektif ilmu komunikasi masih jarang bahkanbisa dibilang langka, padahal peran media massa menurut Severin-Tankard (2007:15), adalahmembentuk opini publik. Para penganut mazhab konstruksionisme seperti Tuchman (1978),Fisman (1980), dan Shoemaker (1996), melihat bahwa berita yang disiarkan oleh media massadapat membuat masyarakat mempunyai suatu sudut pandang dan mengkonstruksikan suaturealitas suatu isu dalam masyarakat tak terkecuali isu otonomi daerah.Penelitian dalam disertasi ini menggunakan perspektif interpretif. Perspektif ini dipilihkarena menurut Neuman (2006) teori konstruksi sosial merupakan ranah dalam perspektifinterpretif, untuk membedah teks dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisa teks framing,model yang digunakan adalah framing Robert N Entman. Framing model Entman dipilih karenadalam konsep Entman framing dapat dipakai untuk menggambarkan proses seleksi suatu isu,serta menonjolkan beberapa aspek tertentu dari suatu realitas oleh media. Empat elemenframing model Entman adalah pertama Define Problem merupakan bingkai utama atau masterframe, kedua Diagnose Causes dalam elemen kedua ini yang menjadi titik berat adalah siapaaktor utama dalam suatu kejadian atau peristiwa, ketiga Make Moral Judgement adalah elemenyang digunakan untuk melakukan pembenaran dengan memberikan berbagai argumentasi padapedefinisian masalah yang sudah dibuat, empat Treatment Recommendation adalah elemen yang digunakan untuk melihat apa yang sebenarnya dikehendaki oleh wartawan, bagaimana cara yangakan dipilih untuk menyelesaikan suatu masalah.Dalam disertasi ini ada 3 media yang diteliti yaitu harian Kompas, harian Jurnal Nasional,harian Kedaulatan Rakyat. Dipilihlah tiga surat kabar dengan orientasi yang berbeda, yaitupertama surat kabar Kompas sebagai surat kabar harian terkemuka nasional dengan tiras yangbesar, kedua surat kabar Jurnal Nasional sebagai surat kabar yang mempunyai kedekatan sejarahdengan Partai Demokrat, ketiga surat kabar Kedaulatan Rakyat sebagai surat kabar daerah yangmasih survive dan masih leading sampai saat ini.Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan dalam level mikro yaitu ada perbedaan framepemberitaan harian Kompas, harian Jurnal Nasional dan harian Kedaulatan Rakyat mengenaiIsu Otonomi Daerah. Pada analisis pada level meso media terlihat faktor kepemilikan dan modalmasih cukup kuat dalam mempengaruhi frame media yang diteliti.Analisis level makro dapat dibagi menjadi dua. Pada harian Jurnal Nasional analisa yanglebih tepat adalah menggunakan pendekatan analisis instrumentalis atau strukturalis daripadastrukturasi karena pada harian Jurnal Nasional struktur organisasi media terlihat mengikat erathuman agent. Tidak terlalu cukup ruang bagi agen melakukan interplay terhadap struktur. Lainhalnya dengan harian Kompas dan harian Kedaulatan Rakyat, yang dapat dibedah dengananalisis strukturasi.Dalam proses strukturasi dari tiga media yang diteliti, terlihat dua media yaitu harianKompas dan harian Kedaulatan Rakyat mampu merubah struktur dari sentralistik kedesentralistik untuk isu Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Langsung dan Keistimewaan Yogyakarta,meskipun harus diakui bahwa media bukan satu-satunya faktor yang diterminan dalamperubahan struktur tersebut. Namun tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa isi dari teks media dalam duaisu tersebut memberikan kontribusi kepada eskalasi tekanan atau adanya akumulasi-akumulasitekanan terhadap penguasa;

---

ABSTRACT
After the New Order government fell, news on regional autonomy appeared everywhere.Mass media which rarely reported regional autonomy issues during the New Order now reportedthe issues all the time. Various news emerged, some positive and others negative. A battle ofdiscourse of regional autonomy issues appeared in the mass media .This research was started by curiosity on various news on regional autonomy in massmedia and how mass media constructs the reality of regional autonomy issues. Until now,researches on regional autonomy issues are mostly performed by researchers from politicalscience, government science, public administration, and legal science. Studies by researchersfrom the fields above mostly discuss the implementation of regional autonomy policy. Studies onregional autonomy issue using communication science perspective are still rare, while the role ofmass media according to Severin-Tankard (2007:15) is actually to form public opinions.Observers of constructionism such as Tuchman (1978), Fisman (1980), and Shoemaker (1996)think that news broadcasted by mass media can make people have a certain point of view andconstruct a reality of an issue in the society, including regional autonomy issues.The research in this dissertation used interpretive perspective. This perspective wasselected because according to Neuman (2006) social construction theory is a field in interpretiveperspective. To dissect texts, this study used framing text analysis. The model used was Robert NEntman's framing. Entman's model of framing was selected because in Entman's concept framingcan be used to describe the selection process of an issue and emphasize certain aspects of areality by the media. Four elements of Entman's model of framing are first, Define Problemwhich is the master frame, second, Diagnose Causes in the second element the emphasize is whois the main actors in an event, third, Make Moral Judgment is an element used to makejustification by giving various argumentation in the definitions of the problems which have beenmade, fourth, Treatment Recommendation is an element used to see what reporters want, whatmethod will be chosen to solve a problem.In this dissertation, there are 3 media which were studied, i.e. Kompas newspaper, JurnalNasional newspaper, Kedaulatan Rakyat newspaper. The three newspapers selected havedifferent orientations, i.e. first, Kompas as a famous national newspaper with huge readership second Jurnal Nasional as a newspaper with a history with the Democratic Party, thirdKedaulatan Rakyat as a local news paper which still survive and leads to this day.The result of this study showed that at micro level there was frame difference in thereporting of Kompas, Jurnal Nasional and Kedaulatan Rakyat on Regional Autonomy Issues.Analysis at meso level showed that ownership and capital factors were still rather strong ininfluencing the frames of the studied media.Analysis at macro level could be divided into two. In Jurnal Nasional, more accurateanalysis used instrumentalist or structuralist analysis approach rather that structuration becausein Jurnal Nasional the structure of media organization seemed to tightly bind human agents.Theer wasn't enough space for agents to perform interplay on the structure. Meanwhile, Kompasand Kedaulatan Rakyat could be dissected by structuration analysis.In the structuration process of the three media, two media, Kompas and KedaulatanRakyat, were able to change the structure from centralistic to decentralistic for Direct RegionalHead Election and the Special Region Status of Yogyakarta, although the author admits that themedia isn't the only determinant factor in changing the structure. However, it's undeniable thatthe content of media texts in those two issues contributed to the escalation of pressure oraccumulation of pressure on the authority;After the New Order government fell, news on regional autonomy appeared everywhere.Mass media which rarely reported regional autonomy issues during the New Order now reportedthe issues all the time. Various news emerged, some positive and others negative. A battle ofdiscourse of regional autonomy issues appeared in the mass media .This research was started by curiosity on various news on regional autonomy in massmedia and how mass media constructs the reality of regional autonomy issues. Until now,researches on regional autonomy issues are mostly performed by researchers from politicalscience, government science, public administration, and legal science. Studies by researchersfrom the fields above mostly discuss the implementation of regional autonomy policy. Studies onregional autonomy issue using communication science perspective are still rare, while the role ofmass media according to Severin-Tankard (2007:15) is actually to form public opinions.Observers of constructionism such as Tuchman (1978), Fisman (1980), and Shoemaker (1996)think that news broadcasted by mass media can make people have a certain point of view andconstruct a reality of an issue in the society, including regional autonomy issues.The research in this dissertation used interpretive perspective. This perspective wasselected because according to Neuman (2006) social construction theory is a field in interpretiveperspective. To dissect texts, this study used framing text analysis. The model used was Robert NEntman's framing. Entman's model of framing was selected because in Entman's concept framingcan be used to describe the selection process of an issue and emphasize certain aspects of areality by the media. Four elements of Entman's model of framing are first, Define Problemwhich is the master frame, second, Diagnose Causes in the second element the emphasize is whois the main actors in an event, third, Make Moral Judgment is an element used to makejustification by giving various argumentation in the definitions of the problems which have beenmade, fourth, Treatment Recommendation is an element used to see what reporters want, whatmethod will be chosen to solve a problem.In this dissertation, there are 3 media which were studied, i.e. Kompas newspaper, JurnalNasional newspaper, Kedaulatan Rakyat newspaper. The three newspapers selected havedifferent orientations, i.e. first, Kompas as a famous national newspaper with huge readership second Jurnal Nasional as a newspaper with a history with the Democratic Party, thirdKedaulatan Rakyat as a local news paper which still survive and leads to this day.The result of this study showed that at micro level there was frame difference in thereporting of Kompas, Jurnal Nasional and Kedaulatan Rakyat on Regional Autonomy Issues.Analysis at meso level showed that ownership and capital factors were still rather strong ininfluencing the frames of the studied media.Analysis at macro level could be divided into two. In Jurnal Nasional, more accurateanalysis used instrumentalist or structuralist analysis approach rather that structuration becausein Jurnal Nasional the structure of media organization seemed to tightly bind human agents.Theer wasn't enough space for agents to perform interplay on the structure. Meanwhile, Kompasand Kedaulatan Rakyat could be dissected by structuration analysis.In the structuration process of the three media, two media, Kompas and KedaulatanRakyat, were able to change the structure from centralistic to decentralistic for Direct RegionalHead Election and the Special Region Status of Yogyakarta, although the author admits that themedia isn't the only determinant factor in changing the structure. However, it's undeniable thatthe content of media texts in those two issues contributed to the escalation of pressure oraccumulation of pressure on the authority, After the New Order government fell, news on regional autonomy appeared everywhere.Mass media which rarely reported regional autonomy issues during the New Order now reportedthe issues all the time. Various news emerged, some positive and others negative. A battle ofdiscourse of regional autonomy issues appeared in the mass media .This research was started by curiosity on various news on regional autonomy in massmedia and how mass media constructs the reality of regional autonomy issues. Until now,researches on regional autonomy issues are mostly performed by researchers from politicalscience, government science, public administration, and legal science. Studies by researchersfrom the fields above mostly discuss the implementation of regional autonomy policy. Studies onregional autonomy issue using communication science perspective are still rare, while the role ofmass media according to Severin-Tankard (2007:15) is actually to form public opinions.Observers of constructionism such as Tuchman (1978), Fisman (1980), and Shoemaker (1996)think that news broadcasted by mass media can make people have a certain point of view andconstruct a reality of an issue in the society, including regional autonomy issues.The research in this dissertation used interpretive perspective. This perspective wasselected because according to Neuman (2006) social construction theory is a field in interpretiveperspective. To dissect texts, this study used framing text analysis. The model used was Robert NEntman's framing. Entman's model of framing was selected because in Entman's concept framingcan be used to describe the selection process of an issue and emphasize certain aspects of areality by the media. Four elements of Entman's model of framing are first, Define Problemwhich is the master frame, second, Diagnose Causes in the second element the emphasize is whois the main actors in an event, third, Make Moral Judgment is an element used to makejustification by giving various argumentation in the definitions of the problems which have beenmade, fourth, Treatment Recommendation is an element used to see what reporters want, whatmethod will be chosen to solve a problem.In this dissertation, there are 3 media which were studied, i.e. Kompas newspaper, JurnalNasional newspaper, Kedaulatan Rakyat newspaper. The three newspapers selected havedifferent orientations, i.e. first, Kompas as a famous national newspaper with huge readership second Jurnal Nasional as a newspaper with a history with the Democratic Party, thirdKedaulatan Rakyat as a local news paper which still survive and leads to this day.The result of this study showed that at micro level there was frame difference in thereporting of Kompas, Jurnal Nasional and Kedaulatan Rakyat on Regional Autonomy Issues.Analysis at meso level showed that ownership and capital factors were still rather strong ininfluencing the frames of the studied media.Analysis at macro level could be divided into two. In Jurnal Nasional, more accurateanalysis used instrumentalist or structuralist analysis approach rather that structuration becausein Jurnal Nasional the structure of media organization seemed to tightly bind human agents.Theer wasn't enough space for agents to perform interplay on the structure. Meanwhile, Kompasand Kedaulatan Rakyat could be dissected by structuration analysis.In the structuration process of the three media, two media, Kompas and KedaulatanRakyat, were able to change the structure from centralistic to decentralistic for Direct RegionalHead Election and the Special Region Status of Yogyakarta, although the author admits that themedia isn't the only determinant factor in changing the structure. However, it's undeniable thatthe content of media texts in those two issues contributed to the escalation of pressure oraccumulation of pressure on the authority]