The most contentious issue in the Revolutionary Congress that crafted the 1899 Malolos Constitution pertained to the separation of church and state, which won by a mere on vote. Until now this episode in Philippine history has not received a satisfactory explanation, which thisarticle seeks to offer. The debate in Malolos, as argued here, was profoundly divisive because the two sides were driven by differing visions of Natioanl Community...