ABSTRAK
Setelah perang kemerdekaan dari Prancis (1954 ? 1962), Aljazairmengalami perang saudara pada tahun 1990an antara agama dan pemerintah yangmenyebabkan perempuan menjadi korban dengan pembatasan aktivitas mereka.Beberapa perempuan tidak menerima keadaan tersebut dan melakukanemansipasi, salah satunya dengan menulis. Salah satu penulis perempuan feminisAljazair adalah Maïssa Bey dengan karya pertamanya, yaitu Au commencementétait la mer. Di dalam novel ini, Bey mendeskripsikan diskriminasi gender yangdialami oleh perempuan Aljazair pada masa tersebut serta perlawanan terhadapdiskriminasi yang dilakukan oleh perempuan dan laki-laki. Melalui analisis unsurintrinsik yang menggunakan teori struktural Roland Barthes mengenai hubungansintagmatik dan paradigmatik dan teori sekuen M. P. Schmitt dan Alain Viala,ditemukan tiga bentuk diskriminasi gender dalam novel ini, yaitu stereotip,marginalisasi, dan subordinasi. Selain itu, diketahui pula bahwa laki-laki ataupunperempuan dapat menjadi pelaku ataupun penentang diskriminasi. Perlawananyang dilakukan terhadap diskriminasi gender berupa penggugatan stereotip sertadukungan terhadap emansipasi perempuan untuk menghilangkan marginalisasi,sedangkan subordinasi masih belum dapat dihindari karena berkaitan denganbudaya patriarkal yang dianut oleh masyarakat. Kepala keluarga memiliki peran penting dalam diskriminasi gender ini.ABSTRACT
After the war of independence from France (1954 ? 1962), Algeriaexperienced a civil war in the 1990s between religion and the government that ledto women becoming victims to restrictions on their activities. Some women didnot accept this situation and did the emancipation, by writing. One of Algerianfeminist writers is Maïssa Bey with her first work, named Au commencement étaitla mer. In this novel, Bey describes gender discrimination experienced byAlgerian women in the era as well as the fight against it done by women and men.Through analysis of the intrinsic unsure which use the structural theory of RolandBarthes syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations and M. P. Schmitt and AlainViala theory of sequences, found three forms of gender discrimination in thisnovel, such as stereotypes, marginalization, and subordination. In addition, alsoknown that men and women could be perpetrators or opposing discrimination.The resistance to gender discriminations could be criticizing stereotypes as well assupporting the women emancipation to eliminate marginalization, whereassubordination still cannot be avoided because it is associated with patriarchalculture embraced by the community. The head of family has an important role in this gender discrimination.;After the war of independence from France (1954 ? 1962), Algeriaexperienced a civil war in the 1990s between religion and the government that ledto women becoming victims to restrictions on their activities. Some women didnot accept this situation and did the emancipation, by writing. One of Algerianfeminist writers is Maïssa Bey with her first work, named Au commencement étaitla mer. In this novel, Bey describes gender discrimination experienced byAlgerian women in the era as well as the fight against it done by women and men.Through analysis of the intrinsic unsure which use the structural theory of RolandBarthes syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations and M. P. Schmitt and AlainViala theory of sequences, found three forms of gender discrimination in thisnovel, such as stereotypes, marginalization, and subordination. In addition, alsoknown that men and women could be perpetrators or opposing discrimination.The resistance to gender discriminations could be criticizing stereotypes as well assupporting the women emancipation to eliminate marginalization, whereassubordination still cannot be avoided because it is associated with patriarchalculture embraced by the community. The head of family has an important role in this gender discrimination.;After the war of independence from France (1954 ? 1962), Algeriaexperienced a civil war in the 1990s between religion and the government that ledto women becoming victims to restrictions on their activities. Some women didnot accept this situation and did the emancipation, by writing. One of Algerianfeminist writers is Maïssa Bey with her first work, named Au commencement étaitla mer. In this novel, Bey describes gender discrimination experienced byAlgerian women in the era as well as the fight against it done by women and men.Through analysis of the intrinsic unsure which use the structural theory of RolandBarthes syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations and M. P. Schmitt and AlainViala theory of sequences, found three forms of gender discrimination in thisnovel, such as stereotypes, marginalization, and subordination. In addition, alsoknown that men and women could be perpetrators or opposing discrimination.The resistance to gender discriminations could be criticizing stereotypes as well assupporting the women emancipation to eliminate marginalization, whereassubordination still cannot be avoided because it is associated with patriarchalculture embraced by the community. The head of family has an important role in this gender discrimination.