ABSTRAKLatar belakang : Sebanyak 70% dari anemia pada anak merupakan anemia
mikrositik hipokrom, dan yang terbanyak adalah anemia defisiensi besi (ADB).
Anemia defisiensi besi pada anak sekolah berkaitan dengan penurunan prestasi
belajar. Anak dengan masalah nutrisi berisiko mengalami defisiensi besi. Asupan
zat besi, pemacu dan penghambat absorpsi besi memengaruhi kadar besi. Sekolah
dasar (SD) Pegangsaan 01 Jakarta Pusat merupakan sekolah negeri dengan
mayoritas siswa berasal dari sosial ekonomi rendah.
Tujuan : Mengetahui status besi pada anak usia 6-12 tahun serta hubungannya
dengan status gizi dan asupan diet.
Metode : Studi potong lintang dilakukan di SD Negeri Pegangsaan 01, Jakarta
Pusat antara bulan Maret-April 2016. Asupan pemacu absorpsi zat besi (vitamin
C) dan penghambat (fitat, teh, kopi, susu) dinilai dengan food record selama tiga
hari, diolah dengan NutriSurvey®. Darah tepi lengkap, feritin, besi serum, total
iron binding capacity (TIBC), saturasi transferin, dan high sensitivity C-reactive
protein (hs-CRP) diperiksakan di laboratorium.
Hasil : Terdapat 115 subyek berpartisipasi dalam penelitian. Prevalens deplesi
besi sebesar 4,3%, defisiensi besi tanpa anemia sebesar 14,8%, ADB sebesar
1,7%. Tidak terbukti ada hubungan antara status gizi kurang dengan status besi
[p=0,094; OR=2,29(0,86-6,10)], gizi lebih dan obesitas dengan status besi
[p=0,050; OR=0,30(0,09-1,00)], asupan besi total dengan status besi (p=0,260),
vitamin C dengan status besi (p=0,740), fitat dengan status besi (p=0,901), teh
dengan status besi (p=0,931), kopi dengan status besi (p=0,624), dan susu dengan
status besi (p=0,277).
Simpulan : Prevalens deplesi besi, defisiensi besi tanpa anemia, dan ADB pada
anak usia 6-12 tahun berturut-turut adalah 4,3%, 14,8%, dan 1,7%. Tidak terbukti
ada hubungan antara status gizi, asupan zat besi, vitamin C, fitat, teh, kopi, dan susu dengan status besi pada anak usia 6-12 tahun.
ABSTRACTBackground : Prevalence of anemia in Indonesian school-age children is high.
Approximately 70% cases are microcytic hypochromic anemia which iron
deficiency anemia (IDA) are the most frequent. Iron deficiency anemia associated
with decreased learning achievement. Children with nutritional problems at risk
for iron deficiency. Intake of enhancer and inhibitor of iron absorption affects iron
body level. Pegangsaan 01 Public School is primary school in Central Jakarta,
which most of the students come from low socioeconomic family.
Objective: To measure iron status in children aged 6-12 years and its relationship
with nutritional status and dietary intake.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Pegangsaan 01 Primary
School, Central Jakarta, on March-April 2016. Dietary iron enhancer (vitamin C)
and inhibitor (phytate, tea, coffee, milk) were obtained using a 3-days food record
and analyzed with NutriSurvey®. Complete blood count, ferritin, serum iron, total
iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation and high sensitivity C-reactive protein
were examined.
Results: A total of 115 children were studied. Prevalence of iron depletion, iron
deficiency without anemia, and iron deficiency anemia were 4,3%, 14,8%, and
1,7% respectively. No evidence of relationship between undernourished and iron
status (p=0,094), overweight-obesity and iron status (p=0,050), iron intake and
iron status (p=0,260), vitamin C and iron status (p=0,740), phytate and iron status
(p=0,901), tea and iron status (p=0,931), coffee and iron status (p=0,624), milk
and iron status (p=0,277).
Conclusion: Prevalence of iron depletion, iron deficiency without anemia and
iron deficiency anemia in children aged 6-12 years were 4,3%, 14,8%, and 1,7%
respectively. No evidence of relationship between nutritional status, dietary intake and iron status
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