Chitosan is a natural cationic polymer that is non toxic,
biodegradabel and biocompatibel. This polymer is also able to form
hydrogel in aqueous medium but is only soluble in acidic medium and is
not soluble in basic medium. Therefore why chitosan is not suitable as a
matrix for sustained release dosage form. Chitosan can be modified
phisically and chemically to obtain its optimum useful as a matrix for
sustained release. It is preassumed that cationic properties of chitosan can
form a polyelectrolyte complex with other anionic polymers.
The aim of this study was to make polyelectrolyte complex of
chitosan – sodium carboxymethylcellulose as tablet matrix for prolonged
drug release system with atenolol as drug model.
The polyelectrolyte was made by mixing 4% w/v chitosan solution in
acetic acid 1% and 4% sodium carboxymethylcellulose solution, with mixing speed is 5000 rpm for 15 minuted, centrifuge (15.000 rpm, 15
minuted) and then dried (50oC, 24 hours), grinded and sieved with 100
mesh sieving analyzer. Then It was evaluated using FTIR
spectrophotometer, SEM analyser, DSC analyser, swelling index and
dissolution test.
The results showed that the characteristic of chitosan – sodium
carboxymethil cellulose polyelectrolyte complex change physically and
chemically compared to chitosan and sodium carboxymethylcellulose. The
swelling index of chitosan – sodium carboxymethylcellulose polyelectrolyte
complex was better than chitosan.
Futher study was subjected to obtain optimum chitosan – sodium
carboxymethylcellulose polyelectrolyte complex concentration as a matrix
of sustained release dosage form. The study was done by making four (4)
tablet formulas with the chitosan – sodium carboxymethylcellulose
polyelectrolyte complex matrix concentration 40%, 50%, 60% and 70%.
The method of tablet preparation is wet granulation. The effect of various
formulation process veriables, such as pollyelectrolyte complex content,
harness of tablet and drug release from these tablet was examined. Drug
release studies were conducted in 37oC hydrochloric acid solution pH 1,2
(2 hours) and buffer phosphat pH 7,4 (6 hours), with UV
spectrophotometer.
Dissolution profiles showed that higher concentration matrix caused
more prolonged atenolol release. The mechanisms released were
diffusional and erosional. The 70% matrix polyelectrolyte chitosan sodium carboxymethylcellulose concentration released atenolol 49,21% in
8 hours, so it could prolong atenolol release for 16 hours
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