This article takes as its starting point the early observation that describes the vastness of the research corpus on the
cultural history of Indonesia. The vastness of this corpus is, among other things, contributed to by the writings of
Western scholars. Among those that are considered classics and frequently used as important references are De Hindoe-
Javaansche Tijd by N.J. Krom (1950), Nusantara: A History of Indonesia by Bernard H.M. Vlekke (1959), and
Indonesia: Trade and Society by J.C. Van Leur (1955). Initial readings find that these Western scholars’ writings often
raise the question of the role and contribution of Hinduism and Islam in Indonesia. This draws attention to their views
and standpoint as Westerners on the history of Indonesian culture, especially in the context of comparison between
Hinduism and Islam. This article is written with the purpose of discussing the role and contribution of Islam and
Hinduism in the history of Indonesia according to the perspective of three Western scholars, namely N.J. Krom, Bernard
H.M. Vlekke and J.C. Van Leur in the writings mentioned above. This discussion finds that these writings studied are
more inclined to acknowledge the significance of the role and contribution of Hinduism in the history of Indonesian
culture, with the presence of Islam said to have not reduced the influence of Hinduism.
