Stunting merupakan masalah gizi, terbukti data pemantauan status gizi
Kabupaten Banyumas 2012 prevalensi stunting sebesar 28,37% dan
prevalensi tertinggi (41,6%) di Puskesmas Kedungbanteng. Tujuan penelitian
untuk menganalisis faktor risiko terkait faktor anak, ibu, lingkungan terhadap
stunting bawah tiga tahun (batita) agar dapat dikembangkan model
pengendaliannya. Penelitian menggunakan desain kasus kontrol, populasi
adalah seluruh anak usia 6 sampai 36 bulan di Puskesmas Kedungbanteng
Kabupaten Banyumas selama enam bulan tahun 2013. Sampel kasus
adalah 50 batita stunting, sampel kontrol adalah 50 batita status normal.
Teknik pengambilan sampel kasus diambil dari tujuh desa yang terbanyak
stuntingnya, sedangkan kontrol adalah batita normal tetangga terdekat kasus
dengan usia yang disamakan. Pengumpulan data dengan wawancara
dan pengukuran. Analisis data univariat, bivariat (uji kai kuadrat), dan multivariat
(uji regresi logistik ganda). Hasil penelitian menemukan karakteristik
batita stunting terkena penyakit infeksi (82%), riwayat panjang badan
lahir < 48 centimeter (66%), riwayat pemberian ASI dan makanan pendamping
ASI kurang baik (66%), riwayat berat badan lahir rendah (8%).
Pada penelitian ini, faktor risiko stunting adalah penyakit infeksi, pelayanan
kesehatan, immunisasi, pengetahuan ibu, pendapatan keluarga, ketersediaan
pangan keluarga, dan sanitasi lingkungan. Faktor yang paling dominan
adalah penyakit infeksi. Model pengendalian stunting melalui peningkatan
pemberdayaan keluarga terkait pencegahan penyakit infeksi, memanfaatkan
pekarangan sebagai sumber gizi keluarga dan perbaikan sanitasi
lingkungan.
Stunting is a nutritional problem, proved by the evidence of nutritional status
monitoring at Banyumas District in 2012, the prevalence of stunting was
28.37% and the highest prevalence 41.6% at Kedungbanteng Primary
Health Care. This study aimed to analyze risk factors related to child, maternal,
and environmental factors toward stunting among children under
three year old in 2013 in order to develop the control model. This study used
case control design, the population was all children aged of six to 36 months
at Kedungbanteng Primary Health Care, Banyumas District. Sample was 50
stunting children, while the control sample was 50 normal children.
Sampling technique was taken from seven villages with the highest stunting
number, meanwhile the control was normal children living closest to the
case with similar age. Data was collected through interview and measurement.
Data analysis was conducted in univariate, bivariate (chi-square test),
and multivariate analyze (multiple logistic regression test). The results found
that characteristics of stunting children under three years old were often suffering
infectious diseases (66%), having body length record < 48 centimeter
(66%), bad records of breastfeeding and comlementary feeding (66%),
and record of low birth weight (8%).Stunting risk factors in this study were
infectious disease, health services, immunization, maternal knowledge, family
income, family food availability, and environmental sanitation. The most
dominating factor was infectious disease. The stunting control model
through enhancement of family empowerment related to infectious disease
prevention, utilization yard as a family nutrition source and environmental
sanitation repair.
