Penyakit periodontal merupakan masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan
prevalensi cukup tinggi di Indonesia (60%). Diabetes melitus merupakan
salah satu faktor predisposisi terjadinya penyakit periodontal. Tujuan
penelitian adalah menganalisis hubungan diabetes melitus terhadap tingkat
keparahan jaringan periodontal. Jenis penelitian observasional analitik potong
lintang. Penelitian dilakukan di Puskesmas Kecamatan Jagakarsa
Jakarta Selatan pada bulan Oktober - November 2014 dengan populasi
penelitian adalah pengunjung Puskesmas Kecamatan Jagakarsa.
Pengambilan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling sebanyak
122 orang. Status diabetes melitus didapat dari rekam medis poli penyakit
tidak menular. Analisis data menggunakan kai kuadrat dan regresi logistik
sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proporsi penderita diabetes melitus
usia > 50 tahun mengalami kerusakan jaringan periodontal yang lebih
parah dibandingkan penderita diabetes melitus ≤ 50 tahun. Kelompok diabetes
melitus berisiko 3,5 kali mengalami keparahan jaringan periodontal
dibandingkan kelompok nondiabetes melitus, OR = 3,505 (1,609 ? 7,634),
nilai p = 0,002. Kelompok diabetes melitus tidak terkendali berisiko 2,5 kali
mengalami keparahan jaringan periodontal dibandingkan kelompok diabetes
melitus terkendali, nilai OR = 2,514 (0,892 ? 7,085), nilai p = 0,12
disebabkan ukuran sampel terlalu kecil. Penderita diabetes melitus lebih
berisiko mengalami keparahan jaringan periodontal dibandingkan dengan
nondiabetes melitus. Pada diabetes melitus tidak terkendali, risiko penyakit
periodontal semakin tinggi.
Periodontal disease is a teeth and oral health problem, with a quite high
prevalence in Indonesia (66%). Diabetes mellitus one of predisposing factors
of periodontal occurence. This study aimed to analyze relation between
diabetes mellitus and the severity of periodontal tissue. The study was observational
analytic study with cross-sectional design. The study was conducted
in Jagakarsa District Primary Health Care of South Jakarta on
October to November 2014 with the primary health care visitors as population.
Sample was taken using simple random sampling as much as 122 respondents.
Diabetes mellitus status was identified from the non-infectious
disease medical record. Data analysis used chi-square and simple logistic
regression. Results showed proportion of diabetes mellitus patients > 50
years suffered periodontal tissue damage more severe than ≤ 50 years old
patients. Diabetes mellitus group had 3.5 times risk of suffering severe periodontal
tissue than nondiabetes mellitus group, OR = 3.505 (1.609 -
7.634), p value = 0.002. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus group had 2.5 times
risk of suffering severe periodontal tissue than controlled diabetes mellitus
group, OR = 2.514 (0.892 - 7.085), p value = 0.12 due too small size of sample.
Diabetes mellitus sample patients were more risky to suffer severe periodontal
tissue than nondiabetes mellitus patients. On uncontrolled diabetes
mellitus, the risk of periodontal disease was getting higher.
