Upaya pengendalian tuberkulosis paru oleh World Health Organization telah
meningkatkan angka kesembuhan dan menyelamatkan banyak jiwa, tetapi
kurang berhasil dalam menurunkan insiden tuberkulosis. Oleh karena itu,
pengendalian tuberkulosis akan lebih menekankan pada kebijakan deter-
minan sosial karena determinan sosial secara langsung maupun melalui
faktor risiko tuberkulosis berpengaruh terhadap tuberkulosis. Di Bandar
Lampung, angka notifikasi tuberkulosis dari tahun 2009 ? 2010 mengalami
peningkatan walaupun angka kesembuhan sudah lebih dari 85%. Bandar
Lampung juga merupakan bagian dari salah satu provinsi termiskin di
Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh determinan
sosial (yang diukur melalui indikator pendidikan, pendapatan dan kelas
sosial) terhadap kejadian tuberkulosis. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juli
? Oktober 2012 di seluruh pelayanan kesehatan di Bandar Lampung yang
telah melaksanakan strategi Directly Observed Treatment Shortcourse.
Responden penelitian ini adalah 238 penderita tuberkulosis basil tahan
asam positif dan 238 suspek yang tidak menderita tuberkulosis. Hasil
penelitian menunjukkan bahwa determinan sosial yang rendah akan
meningkatkan risiko untuk terkena tuberkulosis. Oleh karena itu, pengen-
dalian tuberkulosis perlu disertai dengan peningkatan determinan sosial un-
tuk menurunkan kejadian tuberkulosis.
Tuberculosis control program conducted by World Health Organization, has
increased tuberculosis cure rate and saved million people, but has less suc-
cess in reducing tuberculosis incidence. Therefore, tuberculosis control pro-
gram needs to put more emphasis on social determinants. It is obvious,
since social determinants, directly or through its tuberculosis-risk factors, af-
fect tuberculosis. In Bandar Lampung, notification rate during the period of
2009 - 2010 has increased although the cure rate of the period was more
than 85%. Moreover, Bandar Lampung is located in Lampung, one of the
poorest provinces in Indonesia. This research aimed to study the influence
of social determinants (measured by indicators of education, income and
social class) affecting tuberculosis incidence. The study was conducted du-
ring July - October 2012 at all health services, which has been implement-
ing Directly Observed Treatment Shortcourse strategy, across the Bandar
Lampung City. Respondents of this research consisted of 238 smear-posi-
tive tuberculosis patients and 238 suspects without tuberculosis. The result
showed that the lower social determinants, the higher risk of suffering from
tuberculosis. It can be learned that tuberculosis control should be accom-
panied by an effort of improving social determinants in order to reduce the
incidence of tuberculosis.
