Gizi buruk yang merupakan masalah penting di semua negara-negara
miskin dan berkembang bertanggung jawab terhadap 60 persen kematian
balita. Prevalensi balita gizi buruk di Indonesia tergolong tinggi, pada 2005,
berbagai propinsi di Indonesia melaporkan 76.178 balita mengalami gizi
buruk. Kasihan adalah salah satu kecamatan di kabupaten Bantul
berbatasan dengan Kotamadya Yogyakarta yang menghadapi permasala-
han gizi buruk. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui angka kejadian dan
faktor risiko gizi buruk di Kecamatan Kasihan, Kabupaten Bantul. Penelitian
ini menggunakan desain studi kasus kontrol meliputi kelompok kasus 54
balita malnutrisi dan kelompok kontrol 54 balita gizi baik. Status gizi di-
tentukan berdasarkan Z score berat badan menurut umur. Hasil penelitian
menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pendidikan ibu yang tinggi (OR = 0,4 ; 95% CI
= 0,19 _ 0,79), jarang kelahiran lebih dari 60 bulan (OR = 0,3; 95% CI = 0,11
_ 0,90), berat lahir normal (OR = 0,2; 95% CI = 0,10 _ 0,60), dan riwayat
penyakit kronis (OR = 0,3; 95% CI = 0,14 _ 0,80) merupakan faktor
protektif malnutrisi pada balita. Malnutrisi tidak berhubungan dengan umur
ibu, paritas, tingkat pendidikan ayah, pendapatan keluarga, riwayat ASI,
anggota keluarga yang merokok dan imunisasi campak.
Malnutrition is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in chil-
dren under five years of age in developing countries./ Malnutrition signifi-
cantly increases the risk of infant and child death. Although the incidence
of malnutrition in Yogyakarta lower than other provinces in Indonesia, the
prevalence of severe malnutrition of children under five years of age was
1.14%. the objective of this study were to identify and determine the risk
factors for malnutrition in children under the five years of age in Kasihan 1,
Bantul District. Case control design was conducted among 54 children un-
der the age of five with malnutrition (z score <-2 Deviation Standart) and 54
comparison children from Kasihan 1. The data were collected using struc-
Artikel Penelitian
Faktor Risiko Malnutrisi pada Balita
Malnutrition Risk Factor for Under Five Years
Titik Kuntari, Nur Aisyah Jamil, Sunarto, Opi Kurniati
572
tured questionnaire. The children?s weight and length were measured using
standardized and calibrated device. Nutrition state classified using Z score
(weight for age) Anthropometry WHO software version 2011. The protective
factors for malnutrition were high maternal education (OR = 0.4 ; 95% CI =
0.19 _ 0.79), birth space more than 60 months (OR = 0.3; 95% CI = 0.11 _
0.90), normal birth weight (OR = 0.2; 95% CI = 0.10 _ 0.60), and no history
of chronic disease (OR = 0.3; 95% CI = 0.14 _ 0.80). There are no rela-
tionship between malnutrition with maternal age, parity, paternal education,
income, history of breastfeeding, smoking member of family and measles
immunization.
