Di Manado, limbah cair yang tidak diolah dari rumah tangga termasuk dari
kakus dan dari aktivitas-aktivitas lain yang menghasilkan limbah cair seper-
ti rumah makan, hotel, rumah sakit, tempat pembuangan akhir sampah, dan
pasar dibuang langsung ke Teluk Manado melalui selokan dan sungai.
Kondisi ini diperparah oleh kapasitas kakus yang tidak memadai dan salu-
ran pembuangan limbah cair yang buruk. Untuk menilai faktor-faktor yang
mempengaruhi kondisi dan kapasitas sistem pembuangan yang mungkin
mengakibatkan penurunan derajat kesehatan dan lingkungan, telah di-
lakukan kajian deskriptif di dua kecamatan di Kota Manado yang melibatkan
304 rumah tangga di Wenang dan 300 rumah tangga di Molas. Ditemukan
bahwa kebanyakan rumah tangga di kedua kecamatan tersebut telah
memiliki toilet, masing-masing sebanyak 83,2% di Wenang dan 75,0% di
Molas. Namun, tidak ada toilet yang berteknologi modern melainkan hanya
menggunakan lubang dalam, saluran terbuka, dan sungai. Akibatnya, sela-
ma tahun 2002 kasus-kasus diare mencapai 1.250 di Wenang dan 513 di
Molas. Di Molas, kejadian dematitis, gastritis, dan tifoid masing-masing
mencapai 1.618. 272 dan 10 kasus. Secara statistik, kondisi dan kapasitas
septic tank berhubungan dengan pendidikan formal dan pengetahuan men-
genai limbah cair.
Untreated wastewater containing human excreta from households as well
as from other wastewater-generating sources such as restaurants, hotels,
hospitals, garbage disposal, and markets, is discharged directly into
Manado Bay through ditches, sewers, canals, and rivers. This situation is
exacerbated by inadequate capacity of human excreta disposal treatment
and improper sewage system. To assess factors influencing condition and
capacities of this system that may degrade human health and the environ-
ment, a descriptive study has been conducted in two districts of the City of Manado. This study involved 304 households in Wenang and 300 house-
holds in Molas district. It was found that most households in those districts
have their own toilet, 83.2% and 75.0% in Wenang and Molas respectively.
However, no modern technology had been adopted where open deep holes,
ditches, sewers, or rivers were still being used for toilets, particularly by low
income communities. During 2002 there were 513 and 1,250 diarrhoea ca-
ses reported in Molas and Wenang respectively. In Molas 1,618 dermatitis
cases, 272 gastritis cases, and 10 typhoid cases were also reported.
Statistically, the condition and capacity of residential septic tank were sig-
nificantly correlated with the residents? level of formal education and waste-
water-related knowledge.
