Agen moral otonom ndash;yang bebas dari pengaruh ekstenal dan secara a priori merumuskan prinsip-prinsip oyektif-universal yang menjadi kewajibannya ndash;dikonstruksi Kant dalam pengaruh Pencerahan, yang cenderung bersandar pada rasio dan menolak tradisi atau otoritas eksternal. Di sisi lain agen moral historis ndash;yang berakar dalam komunitas dan dideterminasi historisitasnya ndash;dirumuskan MacIntyre di bawah pengaruh Postmodernisme yang asumsi-asumsi Pencerahan seperti otonomi. Dengan menggunakan hermeneutika Gadamer sebagai conceptual framework dan didukung oleh konsep refleksi kritis Habermas, ditemukan bahwa operasi akal dan hati nurani untuk menginternalisasi dan mengkritisi norma-norma komunitas memungkinkan agen moral historis tetap memiliki otonomi karena tidak dideterminasi oleh historisitasnya.

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Autonomy moral agent ndash free of external influence and in a priori formulates objective and universal principles that become his obligation ndash constucted by Kant in the effects of enlightenment, which inclined towards rationality and rejected traditional or external authority. On the other hand, historical moral agent ndash grounded in community and determined by his historicity ndash defined by MacIntyre in light of Postmodernism with its anti enlightenment assumtions like authonomy. Using Gadamer rsquo s hermeneutics as conceptual framework, supported by a critical theory of Habermas, it was found that operation of reason and conscience to internalized and critized the norms of community enable autonomy of historical moral agent because he is not determined by his historicity.