This book explores the implications of urbanization and climate change for peri-urban water security in South Asia. Focusing on four locations in the region, namely Kathmandu (Nepal), Khulna (Bangladesh), and Hyderabad and Gurgaon (India), the book describes how climate change and urbanization shape peri-urban water security. The research documents the socio-technical mediation of water insecurity, describing both technological and institutional adaptive responses. In describing adaptation, the focus is both on planned and autonomous adaptation. The book further documents the differential vulnerabilities of peri-urban communities, describing the factors that disadvantage certain men, women, and groups of people as compared to others. With a focus on peri-urban contexts, the book bridges an important gap in current studies of adaptation and vulnerability to the impacts of climate change that tend to focus on purely agrarian or urban contexts. It thus contributes to the emerging body of work on peri-urban issues as well as to the literature on vulnerability and adaptation. The research presented is interdisciplinary in nature, employing a wide range of research tools and methods across the natural and social sciences.