Childrens development of executive functions and the impact of these cognitive processes on childrens lives from the preschool to the upper elementary school years are reviewed in light of current research findings. Chapters in Part One of the text discuss prefrontal brain networks affiliated with executive functions; issues that concern the behavioral measurement of executive functions in clinical populations; the relationship between executive functions and other cognitive (theory of mind) and language processes (plurilingualism) that are emerging in young children; and how executive functions support the transition of children from home to school contexts. Chapters in Part Two of the book focus on individual differences in executive functions among children with disorders such as ASD and ADHD and how these findings can be used to inform intervention. Throughout the text, a focus is placed on exploring the influence of executive functioning on the lives of children at home as well as in school and community contexts.