Sebagai dampak dari globalisasi, Indonesia mendapatkan banyak investasi melalui penanaman modal asing (PMA) atau foreign direct investment (FDI) dan juga semakin aktif terlibat dalam perdagangan internasional. Hal ini menimbulkan dampak yang positif bagi pertumbuhan ekonomi, namun menimbulkan dampak yang ambigu terhadap ketimpangan upah antara tenaga kerja terampil dibandingkan non-terampil. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menggunakan regresi panel data random effect tahun 2006 dan 2015, penulis menemukan bahwa di tahun 2006 FDI memiliki dampak meningkatkan ketimpangan upah karena meningkatkan wage premium. Namun, telah terjadi konvergensi di tahun 2015. Hal ini disebabkan karena jenis FDI yang ada di Indonesia sebagian besar adalah jenis FDI vertikal yang membutuhkan lebih banyak tenaga kerja tidak terampil. Dampak perdagangan internasional sesuai dengan teorema Hecksher-Ohlin, dimana ekspor akan menurunkan ketimpangan upah bagi tenaga kerja non-terampil. Sebaliknya, impor akan meningkatkan ketimpangan upah karena merupakan proksi dari teknologi. Sehingga, membutuhkan lebih banyak tenaga kerja terampil (skill-biased technological change).

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As a result of globalization, Indonesia as an emerging nation receive numerous amounts of foreign direct investment (FDI) and also actively involved in international trade. This generates a positive impact to the economic growth of the nation yet has an ambiguous impact to the wage inequality in comparison between skilled labour to unskilled labour. Based on the research using random effect panel data regression of year 2006 and 2015, this study found that in year 2006 FDI has a positive impact in increasing the wage inequality as it increases the wage premium of skilled worker. However, in 2015, this study found that the result is insignificance in increasing the wage inequality – threfore indicated the convergency happened. This is because the type of FDI in Indonesia is vertical FDI which requires more unskilled worker and therefore increases the wage of the unskilled worker. In international trade, this study proved that Hecksher-Ohlin theorem occured in Indonesia, of which the export reduces inequality of unskilled labour. On the contrary, import increases the wage inequality since it is a proxy of technology which requires more skilled worker entitled skill biased technological change.