Saat remaja, terjadi perubahan komposisi tubuh berupa penurunan lemak tubuh dan kecepatan penambahan tinggi badan dan lebar bahu pada laki-laki. Sementara pada perempuan akan mengalami peningkatan jumlah lemak dalam tubuh. Persentase lemak tubuh yang tinggi dapat menimbulkan dampak yang buruk bagi kesehatan, khususnya penyakit kardiovaskular. Di Indonesia, masih belum ada nilai rata-rata persentase lemak tubuh remaja secara nasional. Selain itu, penelitian mengenai persentase lemak tubuh pada remaja di perkotaan, khususnya di Depok, masih jarang ditemui. Oleh karena itu, penting dilakukan penelitian mengenai persentase lemak tubuh pada remaja di perkotaan, khususnya Kota Depok.
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor dominan terhadap persentase lemak tubuh pada siswa-siswi di SMA Sejahtera 1 Depok. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian
cross-sectional. Variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini adalah persentase lemak tubuh sementara variabel independen dalam penelitian ini ialah jenis kelamin, IMT/U, aktivitas fisik, durasi tidur, asupan energi, asupan protein, asupan lemak, asupan karbohidrat, konsumsi buah dan sayur, frekuensi konsumsi makanan cepat saji, frekuensi konsumsi makanan selingan, frekuensi konsumsi susu dan produk olahannya, serta frekuensi konsumsi minuman berpemanis.
Instrument penelitian ini ialah
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA),
microtoice dan kuesioner. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April-Mei 2019 kepada siswa-siswi kelas 10 dan 11 sesuai jadwal yang sudah ditetapkan oleh pihak sekolah. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 267 siswa. Uji korelasi dan independen
T-test dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan variabel dependen dengan independen. Uji regresi linear dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor dominan persentase lemak tubuh.
Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa variabel IMT/U (p = 0,000; r = 0,715), aktifitas fisik (p = 0,004; r = -0,176), asupan karbohidrat (p = 0,012; r = -0,153) dan jenis kelamin (p = 0,000) berhubungan dengan persentase lemak tubuh. Faktor dominan persentase lemak tubuh ialah IMT/U dengan nilai
standardized coefficients beta sebesar 0,739. Para siswa SMA Sejahtera 1 Depok dianjurkan untuk melakukan aktivitas fisik minimal 30 menit sehari. Jenis aktivitas fisik yang paling mudah dilakukan setiap harinya adalah jalan kaki minimal 10 menit atau melakukan
jogging.
During adolescence, changes in body composition occur differently in boys and girls, decreasing body fat and increasing height and shoulder width in boys. While in girls increasing body fat. High body fat percentages are commonly associated with several health problems, especially cardiovascular disease. In Indonesia, the average description of national body fat percentage in adolescents is not available. The research on body fat percentage in adolescents in urban areas is still limited. Therefore, it is important to do research on body fat percentage in adolescents in urban areas, especially Depok City. This research aims to determine the dominant factors on body fat percentage in students in SMA Sejahtera 1 Depok. This research was a cross-sectional study. The dependent variable in this study was body fat percentage while independent variables in this study were gender, BAZ, physical activity, sleep duration, energy intake, protein intake, fat intake, carbohydrate intake, fruit and vegetable consumption, frequency of fast-food consumption, frequency of snack consumption, frequency of dairy products consumption, and frequency of sweetened beverages consumption. The instrument of this research was Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), microtoice and questionnaire. This study was performed on 10th and 11th grade students at SMA Sejahtera 1 Depok, which was conducted in April-May 2019 according to the schedule set by the school. Samples in this study were 267 students. Correlation test and independent T-test were carried out to determine the association of the dependent variable with independent, while the linear regression test was performed to determine the dominant factors of body fat percentage. The results showed that BAZ (p=0.000; r=0.715), physical activity (p=0.004; r=-0.176), carbohydrate intake (p=0.012; r=-0.153) and gender (p=0.000) were related to body fat percentage. The dominant factor in body fat percentage was BAZ (r=0.739). The students of SMA Sejahtera 1 Depok are recommended to do physical activities, such as walking or jogging, for at least 30 minutes a day.