Latar Belakang: Disfungsi kognitif pascabedah (postoperative cognitivedysfunction/POCD) merupakan komplikasi pascabedah yang sering ditemui padapasien yang menjalani bedah jantung terbuka yang mengganggu fungsi sosial danekonomi serta berkaitan dengan peningkatan mortalitas. Patofisiologi POCD belumdiketahui secara jelas, namun diperkirakan melibatkan hipoksia serebral.Penurunan kandungan oksigen dan penurunan ekstraksi oksigen perioperatifdiperkirakan berkontribusi terhadap POCD. Penggunaan pemantauan nearinfraredspectroscopy (NIRS) memungkinkan pengukuran status oksigenasi padajaringan otak. Protein S100B adalah penanda biologis kerusakan jaringan otak.Penelitian ini bertujuan meneliti pengaruh kandungan oksigen dan ekstraksioksigen intra dan pascabedah, desaturasi serebral dan peningkatan kadar proteinS100B terhadap kejadian POCD.Metode: Rancangan penelitian ini adalah kohort prospektif di unit Pelayanan JantungTerpadu RS dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Penelitian dimulai setelah mendapatkan persetujuankomite etik dan ijin lokasi. Kriteria penerimaan adalah pasien berusia ≥18 tahun yangdijadwalkan menjalani bedah jantung terbuka dengan menggunakan mesincardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), sehat secara mental, dapat membaca dan berbahasaIndonesia. Pasien akan menjalani evaluasi kognitif menggunakan 6 tes psikometrik pada 1hari prabedah dan diulang pada 5 hari pascabedah. POCD didefinisikan sebagai penurunan>20% skor kognitif pascabedah dibandingkan prabedah pada 2 atau lebih tes. Sampel daraharteri dan vena diambil untuk menilai kandungan dan ekstraksi oksigen pada 5 waktu: (1)sebelum induksi, (2) intra-CPB, (3) pasca-CPB, (4) enam jam pascabedah, dan (5) 24 jampascabedah. Pemantauan saturasi serebral menggunakan NIRS dilakukan sepanjang pembedahan. Kadar protein S100B diukur pada 2 waktu: sebelum induksi dan 6 jampascabedah. Data dianalisis dengan uji statistik yang sesuai menggunakan piranti lunak SPSSversi 20.Hasil:Lima puluh lima subyek mengikuti penelitian ini. POCDditemukan pada 31 (56,4%)subyek. Kandungan oksigen dan ekstraksi oksigen ditemukan tidak berbeda bermakna diantara kedua kelompok pada seluruh waktu. Desaturasi serebral ditemukan lebih lama (55[0-324] vs. 6 [0-210], p=0,03) dan nilai AUC rScO2 lebih tinggi (228 [0-4875] vs. 33 [0-1100], p <0,01) pada pasien yang mengalami POCD dibandingkan yang tidak. Dengananalisis ROC ditemukan nilai AUC rScO2 >80 menit% berpengaruh terhadap kejadianPOCD (RR 3,38, IK 95%: 1,68-6,79, p <0,01). Kadar protein S100Bmeningkat 1,5x lebihtinggi pada pasien POCD, namun tidak mencapai kemaknaan statistik.Simpulan:Desaturasi serebral yang diukur menggunakan NIRS berpengaruh pada kejadianPOCD.

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Background: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction/POCD is commonly found

postoperative complication after cardiac surgery with profound social and

economic effect and also known correlated with mortality. The pathophysiology

remains unclear and multifactorial, but hipoxia have been postulated as one of the

mechanisms. Reduced arterial oxygen content (CaO2) and reduced oxygen

extraction perioperatively may contribute to POCD. Use of near-infrared

spectroscopy (NIRS) monitoring may provide oxygenation status on brain tissue.

S100B protein is known brain injury biological marker. This trial aims to

investigate effects of perioperative oxygen content and extraction, cerebral

oxygenation status and S100B protein level changes to POCD.

Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at Integrated Heart Service unit of

RS dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, a tertiary teaching hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia. This study

was started after ethical approval obtained. Inclusion criteria was 18 years old or above

patients scheduled for open-heart surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass machine, healthy

mental status, and can speak/read Indonesian language. Subjects were undergone 6

psychometric evaluation on day prior to surgery and 5 days after surgery. POCDdefined as

decrease of >20% score from baseline on 2 or more tests. Arterial and venous blood samples

were taken on 5 moments: (1) before induction of anesthesia, (2) during CPB, (3) After

separation of CPB, (4) six hours after surgery, and (5) 24 hours after surgery. NIRS

monitoring was applied continously during surgery. S100B protein level was measured on

before induction of anesthesia and 6 hours after surgery.Data was analyzed with appropriate

statistical tests using SPSS 20 software.

Results: Fifty-five subjects were included in this study. POCD was found in 31 (56.4%)

subjects. Oxygen contents and extractions were found not differ in both groups at all times.

Cerebral desaturation was found more longer (55 [0-324] vs. 6 [0-210]mins, p = 0.03) and

severe (AUC rScO2 228 [0-4875] vs. 33 [0-1100] min%, p <0,01) in subjects with POCD

compared to non-POCD. Using ROC analysis, it is determined subjects with AUC rScO2

>80 min% were exposed with higher risk of POCD(RR3.38x, 95%CI: 1.68-6.79, p <0.01).

S100B protein level increased higher in subjects with POCDbut no statistical significant was

found.

Conclusion: Cerebral desaturation measured by NIRSmonitoring contributes to POCD.