Telah dilakukan suatu studi etnoekologi untuk mengungkap hubungan suku asli di sekitar
kawasan Taman Nasional Wasur (TNW) dengan lanskap budaya mereka melalui tiga
sumbu pendekatan etnoekologi yaitu kosmos (sistem kepercayaan), corpus (pengetahuan
ekologis), dan praxis (pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan sumber daya). Data dalam penelitian
ini diperoleh melalui kombinasi metode ekologi, antropologi, dan linguistik.
Pengumpulan data diperoleh melalui wawancara semi-struktural, diskusi kelompok
terfokus (DKT), metode distribusi kerikil, dan survei lapangan dengan teknik walktransect
and free-listing serta observasi bebas. Hasil studi mengungkapkan bahwa suku
asli di sekitar kawasan TNW memiliki dasar penguasaan lanskap budaya yang diinisiasi
oleh kosmos yang juga mempengaruhi corpus serta praxis. Corpus suku asli di sekitar
kawasan TNW tentang etnoekotop (satuan-satuan lanskap utama) menunjukan kesamaan
konsep berdasarkan fisiografi kawasan yang sama dari dataran rendah aluvial yang secara
musiman dipengaruhi genangan air. Corpus suku asli tentang asosiasi vegetasi dengan
masing-masing etnoekotop diidentifikasi secara perseptual berdasarkan persepsi budaya
dan alamiah berdasarkan indikator spesies. Praxis suku asli dipengaruhi oleh kosmos
melalui hubungan Dema-totem-klan yaitu suatu struktur dasar komunitas suku asli yang
berhubungan dengan mitologi asal-usul yang mengatur pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan
sumber daya hayati sehingga terbentuk suatu tatanan kehidupan yang harmonis. Praxis
suku asli juga dipengaruhi kosmos dengan adanya penentuan areal-areal sakral, sistem
sasi (sar), dan aktivitas budidaya tumbuhan simbolik. Dalam hubungan budaya dengan
lingkungan, aktivitas subsisten suku asli tidak secara mutlak dipengaruhi oleh
lingkungan. Mereka mampu mengembangkan teknologi adaptasi melalui pengetahuan
yang diperoleh dari pemahaman tentang alam lingkungan mereka
An ethnoecological study has been carried out to reveal the relationship of indigenous
tribes around the Wasur National Park (WNP) area with their cultural landscape through
three axes of an ethnoecological approach, namely kosmos (belief system), corpus
(ecological knowledge), and praxis (resource management and utilization). The data in
this study were obtained through a combination of ecological, anthropological, and
linguistic methods. Data collection was obtained through semi-structural interviews,
focus group discussions (FGD), pebble distribution methods (PDM), and field surveys
using walk-transect and free-listing techniques as well as free observation. The results of
the study reveal that the indigenous tribes around the WNP area have a basic mastery of
the cultural landscape initiated by the kosmos which also affects the corpus and praxis.
The corpus of indigenous tribes around the WNP area regarding ethnoecotopes (main
landscape units) shows a similarity in concept based on the physiography of the same area
of the alluvial lowlands which are seasonally influenced by waterlogging. Indigenous
corpus about vegetation association with each ethnoecotope identified perceptually based
on cultural and natural perceptions based on species indicators. Indigenous Praxis is
influenced by the kosmos through the Dema-totem-clan relationship, which is a basic
structure of indigenous tribal communities associated with the mythology of origins
which regulates the management and use of biological resources so as to form a
harmonious life order. Indigenous praxis is also influenced by the kosmos by determining
sacred areas, the sasi system (sar), and symbolic plant cultivation activities. In the
relationship between culture and environment, the subsistence activities of indigenous
people are not absolutely influenced by the environment. They are able to develop
adaptation technologies through knowledge gained from an understanding of their natural
environment.
D-Maikel Simbiak.pdf :: Unduh